BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Small and medium businesses are commonly recognized as the bedrock of long-term economic development. According to UNDP (1974), developing countries, including Nigeria, have shown increased interest in the promotion of small and medium scale enterprises since the 1970s for three main reasons: the failure of previous industrial policies to generate efficient self-sustaining growth; increased emphasis on self-reliance; and...

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The Term “Ratio Analysis” could be described as the analysis of financial statement in order to judge the performance of the COMPANY or group of companies.

The “Investment Decision” Means the allocation of funds to invest proposal whose benefits are to be realized in the future.

The combination of the two terms described above or the relationship between them is basically the purpose of this work. Th...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Almost every business worked toward achieving its intended, planned, and overall goals. Every company, especially small businesses, strives for efficiency and proper effectiveness, and the quality of accessible accounting information and how the information is used by the organization play a big role in achieving these goals (Fatai, 2011). However, as defined by Coster et al (1978), information is the lifeblood of every busin...

Background to the study

The review of information contained in the business's accounting reports can provide a picture of how well the firm has fared. Managers owe it to various stakeholders, particularly investors, to generate accounting reports that reflect the truthful and fair picture of business transactions for the time period indicated (Devalle et al, 2010). Financial reports, according to BPP Learning Media (2012), depict economic realit...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

According to Ajayi et al. (2006), supporting a secure, convenient, and inexpensive payment system is one of the criteria for the growth of the national economy. Today's world is shifting away from paper payment systems and toward electronic ones, particularly credit cards (Humphrey, 2004). In most nations, for example, one may pay for a snack from a vending machine by calling a number from one's phone bill. Cash is th...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
From the smallest receipts and payments of a small club to the published accounts of huge public enterprises, accountancy encompasses the installation of bookkeeping and accounting systems, the writing up of accounts, and the creation of every sort of financial statement. One of the key responsibilities of an accountant in practice is to advise clients, both large and small, on the most appropriate accounting system to use in or...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In order to make economic decisions, all corporate organizations require information. Information, according to SINHA (2002), is an integrating force that combines organizational resources into a cohesive whole, directed toward the realization of organization in such a fundamental way that it is critical that information be effectively organized and efficiently handled, which is accomplished through what has become known as...

Background of the study

Accounting is critical to the success or failure of modern commercial organizations. (Amidu, John, & Joshua. 2011). Systems are responsible for recording, analyzing, monitoring, and assessing the financial health of corporate institutions, creating tax records, and providing information assistance to many other organizational responsibilities. Accounting information is significant in the setting of small and medium-sized...

Background of the Study

The success of corporations is influenced by a variety of factors, one of which is dividend policy. Dividend policy is used to keep a manager's opportunism under check. Empirical studies reveal that companies in underdeveloped countries (for example, Nigeria) smooth their income and hence their dividends. Corporate dividend policies differ not just over time, but also between nations, particularly between developed, devel...

Background Of Study

A farmer who planted corps expects results, just as a student who waits for an exam does. The same may be said for an investor. The farmer may be informed of the outcome in the form of a bountiful crop. A pupil would normally be satisfied with a result sheet or a report card. In the case of an investor, however, the outcome is disclosed through financial reports.

Every limited liability business is required by law to prepare financial r...

Background Of The Study

One of the oldest and most important sources of government revenue is taxation. Nigeria's taxation history extends back to the pre-colonial era. Various systems of taxation existed during this period, such as compulsory services, contributi...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Accounting is sometimes referred to be the "language of business," with the accounting profession serving as the "backbone" of any corporation. This is because accounting, in addition to its other responsibilities, serves as the custodian of the organization's resources and as the vehicle for investing those monies in enterprises that will ensure the organization's survival and growth (Abdullahi et...

BACKGROUD OF THE STUDY

Knowing that a standard is a pre-determined foundation or benchmark against which actual performance results are measured. A standard cost is a predefined or established cost, objective, or goal that the management of a business or industry strives to achieve given favorable operating conditions in order to maximize production efficiency. I is a pre-determined or predicted estimate of the cost to manufacture a single unit or a...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The interdependence of businesses is a core element of modern economic life. No contemporary firm is self-contained. There is no question that small and medium-sized businesses are the true foundation of a country's economy. And it is not an exaggeration to suggest that the dynamism and expansion of small-to-medium size firms (SME) is critical to the present and future economic success of our beautiful country Nigeria (Ab...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Two key government policy papers in Nigeria examine agriculture's potential contribution to economic development: I the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS), and (ii) the New Agricultural Policy Thrust (NAP). NEEDS, Nigeria's own poverty-reduction plan, was launched in 2004 and emphasizes the need of expanding agricultural production and ensuring food security while the government works towar...

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The notion of auditing data dates back to ancient times, with the oldest signs of its existence discovered among major landowners of the Middle Ages in Italy and Egypt.

However, according to afounka (1993), statutory auditing, which happens to be the major focus of the research, "arose as a result of the formation of the company form of business in the 17th century for commerce and other purposes."

T...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In comparison, the majority of Small Scale Businesses (SSBs) are registered as sole proprietorships, which makes the registration process much simpler and easier than other types of company registration. Small businesses now outnumber all other types of businesses and may be found practically anywhere in the country, thanks in part to this tendency. Despite their importance and numbers, current research reveal that 60% of SSB...

 Background of the Study

The capacity of a manufacturing industry's or, more broadly, an organization's members to operate reliably and efficiently to fulfill the industry's objectives is a necessary condition for the industry's sustainability (Daniel, 2000). A significant level of behavior coordination can be achieved in a variety of ways. Managerial and employee supervision in the industrial business is becoming ineffective. H...

Background to the study

Electronic banking in Nigeria has been considered by many, particularly economists, as having significant ramifications for the Nigerian economy, particularly the banking industry, over time. Nigeria's economy has benefited greatly from electronic banking (Nnamdi, 2009). This study will examine the implications of electronic banking in Nigerian banks, since it is viewed as a key participant in the economy.

It is...

Background of the study

According to Amidu, John, and Joshua (2011), accounting is important to the success or failure of modern business organizations. Systems are in responsible of recording, analyzing, monitoring, and assessing commercial companies' financial situations, as well as preparing documents for tax purposes and providing information support to a range of other organizational duties.

When a man in the civil service assumes...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The local government is the third level of governance. State governments have significant control over local government councils, however the constitution now recognizes the activities of local government councils independently (Oshinsami, 2009).

Both public and private organizations must deal with the issue of fund availability, use, and accountability. With the local government now having democratically elected administration and the rising discus...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Micro-finance is the supply of loans, savings, and other basic financial services to the poor. People living in poverty, like everyone else, need a diverse range of financial instruments to run their business, build assets, stabilize consumption, and money transfer services. Financial services for the poor have proved to be a powerful instrument for poverty reduction that enables the poor to build assets, increases, and...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

There are typically triumphs and failures in all human endeavors. As a result, businesses are no exception. Many corporate enterprises and people struggled in an era of abundance and waste mania, such as we saw in the mid-seventies during the oil boom. In such a period, employment, output, and income are at all-time highs, while government spending soars. No one complains at this time, and merchants do not consider means of e...

 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Nigeria is a country rich in natural and human resources, with a population of more than 140 million people primarily engaged in agriculture and small-scale business. Micro, small, and medium-sized firms (MSMEs) and both peasant farmers who want financial support to develop their company and enhance their livelihoods dominate this sector (Shark, 2010). Microfinance has a long history dating back to when man first used mone...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The production of information for insiders such as firm managers is known as management accounting (Anyanwu, 2010). Managers utilize this data to track their progress toward their objectives and identify any possible issues ahead of time (Anyanwu, 2010). Managers, for example, want to know which goods sell the most. And which aren't doing so well. Which goods are most likely to be purchased together? How is inventory kep...

Background to the study

The material or inventory management function is one of the most relevant roles in most businesses in terms of its importance and integration into the broader organizational architecture. Despite growing recognition of the importance of material management in comparison to other business functions such as production, engineering, finance, marketing, personnel, and so on, it is in this context that some of the key concepts of...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

A formal and active capital market exists in Nigeria. Prior to 1961, practically all formal savings and deposits flowed through the banking system, and the country's primary capital balances were invested on the London stock exchange by the colonial overlords (Onyiuke, 2010). However, since the Central Bank of Nigeria was e...

Background to the Study
The government of Nigeria, like others in different parts of the world, has legislative powers to impose on its citizens, any form of tax and at whatever rate it deems appropriate (Federal Inland Revenue Service 2010). According to Acti, & Abigail (2014).  tax can be defined as money that has to be paid to the government so that it can provide public services. Similarly, D’Arcy (2011) defines tax as...

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The owner of a business naturally wishes to run his business as efficiently as possible. One of the purposes of keeping accounts is to enable one to do this.

i. Its account should avail him the necessary cost data for effective operation.

ii. The exact revenue of the business...

Background to the study

Auditor independence refers to the ability of the external auditor to act with integrity and impartiality during his/her auditing functions. According to the Indonesian Accounting Association (2010), auditor independence is an expected auditor behaviour that directs that an auditor does not have personal interest in doing his / her jobs, because it is contrary to integrity. Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN)...

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The owner of a business naturally wishes to run his business as efficiently as possible (Emma, 2010). One of the purposes of keeping accounts is to enable one to do this.

i. Its account should avail him the necessary cost data for effective operation.

ii. The exact revenue of the business

The government of Nigeria, like others in different parts of the world, has legislative powers to impose on its citizens, any form of tax and at whatever rate it deems appropriate (Federal Inland Revenue Service 2010). According to Acti, & Abigail (2014).  tax can be defined as money that has to be paid to the government so that it can provide public services. Similarly, D’Arcy (2011) defines tax as: “Monetary charge imposed by the government on persons, en...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Prior to 1993, only very little was known of Value Added Tax (VAT) in Nigeria. The idea of VAT started with the acceptance of the recommendation of Dr Sylvester Ugoh led study group on Indirect Taxation in November 1991. The decision to accept the recommendation was made public in the 1992 Budget speech. (Okpe, 2001). In addition, according to Obianwuna (2005), the Federal Government set up two study groups in 1991, one was s...

BACKGROUND  OF THE  STUDY

Most business established nowadays, are not managed by the owners (shareholders), but by the others appointed by the owners. This practice is known as “stewardship”. Also, the owners who appoint the Directors to look after their property will be concerned to know what has happened to their property. Therefore, the Directors have the report and account for the responsib...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Banks and financial Institutions are the most acceptable versatile, delicate .and popular forms of the present day joint increased capital base and insurance cover has necessitated the demand for more capital . which in must cases has been achieved through issue of shares and subsequently pooling other people's money in agreement for repayment in terms of loans and other credit facilities and periodic dividends for common stocks and shares (David, 20...

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Planning is one of the most important aspects in the management o a firm. It involves an appraisal of the past performance of the firm and a projection into the future. It is also related to existing strengths and weaknesses of the firm.

The strength must be understood if they are to be used for proper advantage and the weaknesses must be recognized if corrective action is to be taken. It is necessary for instance, t...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Financial management focuses on decision making about the use and management of the finances of an organization or corporation. Financial management is a subset of managerial activities that concentrates on how to plan and control the financial resources of an organization. Financial management also involves the sourcing and optimal utilization of funds for the smooth running of an organization. Financial management centers o...

BACKGROUND OF STUDY.

Every country in the world tends to generate income through tax administration (Mike, 2019). In Nigeria the company income tax administration aims and tries to tax each company in the state more effectively&n...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Since 1986 when structural adjustment programme was introduced, the banking business changed.  As the number of branches grow form sixty five in 1985 to one hundred and fifty five in 1994, the techniques of delivering bank services changes (Ajah, 2019).

In November 1990, society general Bank launched their first Acitomated teller machine (ATM) with trade name SGBN’S Aim’s cash point 24.  The fo...

Background to the Study

The trend and the volume are increasing on a daily basis and all levels of the society are involved. The rich, the poor, the young and the elderly, the male and female all are neck deep in fraud and fraud related activities that say a lot about our moral and family situations. From the politicians to the bank directors/executives, from the legal officers to the law enforcement personnel, from the civil servants to the school teacher, from th...

Background to the Study

Accounting is regarded as the language of business used by corporate firms in communicating their financial positions to their users through the publication of annual financial statements containing the required financial accounting information (Davis, 2019). Financial accounting information is the product of corporate accounting and external reporting systems that measures and publicly discloses audited, quantitative da...

Background Of The Study

The introduction of electronic banking, online transactions and mobile banking in Nigeria has paved way for a new era of development where the use and demand for physical cash is gradually declining. These recent evolution of technology in the Nigerian financial institutions posses interesting questions for economist, financial institutions, business analyst and the government regarding the current economical status, logistic...

ABSTRACT:- This project  attempts to establish  the vital role which  management  Accounting techniques play in manufacturing  firms  , A case study of Nigeria breweries plc. Aba. The problem addressed under this topic were the impact of management Accounting techniques on firms profitability, decision making and management information. This study is significant, as it will help to reduce the risk involved in decision making...

INTRODUCTION

Central bank of Nigeria is the apex financial institution in Nigeria charged with the responsibility of maintaining fiscal and monetary. Stability in the economy. The CBN has its headquarters in Abuja (F.C.T) with some zonal offices in Lagos, Kaduna, Enugu and Ibadan. It is located in Enugu zone at Opara Avenue.

In this study, the researcher’s mind it to know the impacts of the B25billion re-capitalization by the CBN on the commercial ba...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Corporate attributes play a pivotal role in determining the performance of the firm. In this regard, firms that are able to align certain firm features with the characteristics of the environment outperform other firms.

The results showed tests on the differences in means of all variables of the financial performance model considered. The positive values implied that the variables under the model are significant in determining the financial perf...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The recent global financial crisis, which had its roots in the banking sector, highlighted, except from the existing regulatory gaps, the lack of proper and efficient internal audit functions within the banking institutions in order to mitigate the resulting negative effects. The burst of the credit crunch and the following financial recession resulted in the dramatic increase of bank frauds all over the world, a fact that st...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Nigeria seems to have acquired a name that is synonymous with corruption. As a nation, it has carved out for itself the reputation of the most corrupt in the world. Our treatment in international politics as a parish state can either be reversed nor (and our call for foreign investors) be meaningful if corruption is left un-embattled in Nigeria Chukwumaeze (2000).

However...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

An Accounting system is then the totality of methods and procedures as well as the processes adopted by an economic entity for applying fundamental accounting concepts to its financial transactions as well as its financial reporting systems. It reflects the unique structure of an economic entity and, therefore, is said to be the model of that entity (Summers, 2019). The major objective of accounting, as an information system, is to monitor an...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

This concept may have multiple conceptualizations, references and even different ways to measure, but most of them have the same meaning and the same purpose but differs in their repercussions on the companies‟ health. Tax aggressiveness can be seen as simple trigger tax management activities that are used for tax planning and have an arrival point for tax evasion. Bruce et al. (2007) report that the tax aggressiveness seen by th...

BACKGROUND  OF THE STUDY

According to aborisade, (2003) in his write up defined or state that financial management in any local government involves the inflows of payment, it can also be said to be the art of raising and spending money which is ever prominent facts to any local government.

Financial management in any local government system is like a vehicle as whole with many parts, that when one part of it most especially the e...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Fraud is perhaps the most fatal of all the risks confronting banks. The enormity of bank frauds in Nigeria can be inferred from its value, volume and actual loss. A good number of banks’ frauds never get reported to the appropriate authorities, rather they are suppressed partly because of the personalities involved or because of concern over the negative image effect that disclosure may cause if information is leaked to the banking public the banks&rsquo...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

The study sought to determine the effect of earnings management on financial performance of selected commercial banks in Lagos, Nigeria where a sample of 82 senior managers drawn from accounts departments in 8 banks were selected using stratified random sampling procedures. The collected primary data using structured 5-point likert scale questionnaire where both face to face and a drop and pick method were used to serve questionnaires. Both descriptive and cor...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Financial management is concerned with the planning organizing, procurement and utilization of government financial resources as well as the formulation of appropriate policies in order to achieve the aspiration of members that society. Premchand sees public financial management as the link between the community‟s aspirations with resources, and the present with future. It lies at the very heart of the operations and fiscal policy of governmen...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Lim, Brooks and Kim (2008) examined the efficiency of the eight Asian stock markets in order to find the impact of Asian financial crisis of 1997 with divisions of period from pre to post financial crisis and found that during financial crisis 1997, efficiency of the Asian stock markets deteriorated of which Hong Kong stock market was the major victim of the crisis. Ravichandran and Maloain (2010) found that during recent financial crisis, sto...

 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Taxation is not a new word in Nigeria or the world as a whole. In Nigeria, taxation has been in existence even before the coming of the colonial men or the British. Taxation can be defined as the system of imposing a compulsory levy on all income, goods, services and properties of individuals, partnership, trustees, executorships and companies by the government (Samuel and Simon, 2011;Yunusa, 2003). Income tax is one of...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Tax is one of the main source of Government Revenue. It is a strong social and economic tool of the government in regulating the economy and maintaining health social like of the citizens. Tax can be defined as a compulsory payment by individual and companies to the state to enable her attain the National goals objectives. Tax is a non-punitive but compulsory levy by the Government on properties and income of individuals and...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

The primary objective of a TSA is to ensure effective aggregate control over government cash balances. The consolidation of cash resources through a TSA arrangement facilitates government cash management by minimizing borrowing costs. In the absence of a TSA, idle balances are maintained in several bank accounts. Effective aggregate control of cash is also a key element in monetary and budget management. The adoption of TSA in the public secto...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Account means a formal banking relationship established to provide or engage in services, dealings, or other financial transactions including a deposit account, a transaction or asset account, a credit account, or other extension of credit. Account also includes a relationship established to provide a safety deposit box or other safekeeping services, or cash management, custodian, and trust services. Identity verification procedures (Steven ,...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Far from playing a passive role in providing information, management accounting is involved both in strategic decisions, and current decisions faced by an entity. In fact, the role of management accounting is to make the link between strategy of the organization and current actions taken to achieve its objectives. Management accounting is the one that provides financial and operational information needed by managers in order to achieve the str...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Undoubtedly today we live in a time of significant economic change. Mergers and acquisitions have become common business tools, implemented by thousands of companies in world. Driven by a philosophy of shareholder value they not only form a new economic, social and cultural environment, but also enable strong companies grow faster than competitors and provide entrepreneurs rewards for their efforts, ensuring weaker companies are more quickly s...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Income tax is a levy imposed by the government of a country on its citizens, individual or entities known as the taxpayers. The levy imposed on the taxpayers is such that it varies with the level of income or profits of the taxpayers. Taxes imposed on the taxpayers or corporations or entities is termed “Company Income Tax” while those imposed on the personal income of an individual taxpayer is termed “Personal Income Tax&rdqu...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

The local government global schedule analyses that most local governments of developing countries have no or underdeveloped Audit committees that would be advisory entity to the council, The Audit committee is described as an arm of the council that views Internal Audit charter, qualifications, ensures that Audit has an approved plans and monitor management’s response to audit reports. It also recognizes the importance of audit committee that reviews ann...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The problem of fraud in the public sector has assumed immense proportions with the increase in the volume and complexity of the organizations within this sector.  No organization appears free from this malaise and there is clearly the need to address the problem seriously. The essence of. this is to equip organizations with a good knowledge of the subject matter and as such perfect them on how to cope with it.

...

Background of the Study

Economic policies are deliberate actions by the authority geared towards influencing total spending, output, income, cost of money, employment and other economic activities in an economy.  Economic development on the other hand is defined as a process whereby the real precipitate income of a country increases over a period of time (I day 2005:52).  Therefore, national economic policy and development is all about pla...

Background to the Study

Budgeting is an important concept that is pertinent to any organization (Schadone, 2012). In very generic terms also, Igbara, Tordee, Nwadike and Abuba (2016, p.1) described the budget as the distribution of resources (most often money) for certain purposes and as the word can be attributed to mean “Pouch” or “Purse”, a budget therefore is what is in the pouch. A budget to these authors is a measurable...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Goal clarity can be defined as a clear objective. In essence it can be define as one’s ability to set and reach specific goals. The important part of this definition is the word specific. A very broad or general goal won’t help drive you to successes. If your objective is to increase profit, fine one has to increase the quality of service. A goal should be clear, concise and worth achieving in which a specific out...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

The American Accounting Association (AAA) defines auditing as systematic process of objectivity obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding   assertions  about  economic   activities  and   events to ascertain the degree of correspondence between  those assertions and established criteria and communicating the result to interested users. An audit is an examination by an auditor of the evidence...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

The role of internal auditing in the review of effectiveness of the internal control system is to find out whether the internal control system is functioning well as it is intended to do. The internal control system is called to be effective, if the administrative management direct the system in such a way which provides reasonable assurance that the organization’s goals and objectives will be achieved. Because the basic aim of internal...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

In Nigeria, cooperatives were introduced by the colonial during the First World War. These cooperatives which were consumer in nature were used by the colonial masters to ration essential commodities. This cooperative was restricted to only white colonial masters. It was in 1930‟s that the first attempt was made to start a genuine cooperative movement in Nigeria. The British government having successfully introduced cooperative in India, in 19...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Management control is a process in which organization strives to achieve the planned or desired results, or "performances". In doing so, organizations may take various actions to minimize the negative effects arising from the external and internal environment. Management control represents a method for managing organization,s performances. Clearly relationship exists between management control and accounting, but there are fundamenta...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

A definition credited to Gordon Brown Chancellor of the Exchequer June 2004 is that forensic accounting is the identification, interpretation and communication of the evidence of economic transactions and reporting agents. It is the application of legal and financial skills in the conduct of evidence with respect to unresolved issues in the business community. Crime is on the increase on a daily basis, the world over without any exception to t...

Background to the Study

Conflict of interest and auditor’s independence are two concepts that must be considered properly in this project work. If there is any way auditors’ conflict of interest affects his independence.

To start with auditor’s conflict of interest according to Andrew (2004) is a setting where an auditor trade off the influence and been biased of his report. There are two types of conflicts of interest in...

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the corporate governance and its relationship with dividend policies of banks in nigerian capital market  using five commercial banks out of the fifteen that are listed on the Nigerian capital market over the period of 2003-2012. Data was collected from the Annual reports and accounts of the sampled banks. A panel data methodology (Random-effect GLS regression technique) was employed for the analysis of d...

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to empirically investigate the effect of corporate governance on the financial performance of pension fund administrators in Nigeria within the period of 2004 – 2014. The study employed the use of secondary data sourced from the websites and audited financial statements of pension fund administrators in Nigeria. For the purpose of the study, board size and board composition were used as the proxy for corporate...

ABSTRACT

The study examined credit management and liquidity of manufacturing company. The objectives of the study includes to examine the relationship between average collection period a firms liquidity, to examine if there is a significant relationship between average payment period and the liquidity of a firm, to find out how debt affects the liquidity of a firm and to establish if there is a significant relationship between...

Background to the study

The increased interest in the role of business in society today has been prompted by increased attention to the awareness of environmental and ethical and moral issues. It means our society has become increasingly concerned that greater influence and success by local and international organisations has not been equivalent to effort and desire in addressing important social issues including poor treatment of employees and lab...

Abstract

Accounting is the process of recording transactions and events for the purpose of proving Information for the good conduct of the activities of such organization. The purpose of this study is to examine the Accounting systems in private and public sector establishment and to know what accounting is all about, History of accounting Nature and purpose of Accounting, The operational guideline and attributes of Accounting etc  Two org...

ABSTRACT

The study examined the deposit money bank loans and agricultural sector performance in Nigeria. This study employed regression analysis method to show if there is significant relationship between deposit money bank loans and agricultural sector in Nigeria for the period of 2006-2015. Real bank rate could not be given by the CBN and financial institutions, 45% of the total 100% of the original distribution bank credit gotten from its St...

ABSTRACT

The general objective of the study is to analyze the effect of deficit financing on Nigeria’s economic growth. Secondary data emanated from the publication of the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, vol. 26, 2015 was utilized. The data collected spanned from the year 1981-2015. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Johanson Co-integration test and Error Correction Model (ECM) were employed for the analysis and the fi...

ABSTRACT

It is often necessary to keep inventory in order to meet with fluctuations in demand and also to avoid shortages that might lead to loss of goodwill. Thus, most companies, to absorb certain fluctuations in demand strictly adhere to safety stock control. This approach could be the deterministic inventory which assumes that demand is known with certainty. The deterministic inventory model which reviews when to place an order or produce more g...

ABSTRACT

This study examines the paradigm shift in business sustainability strategy from corporate social responsibility (CSR) to created shared value. The created shared value as a revolutionary strategic management thinking is defined as the policies and operating practices that enhance the competitiveness of a company while simultaneously advancing the economic and social conditions in the communities in which it operates. It is expected to chang...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine the assessment of audit expectation gap in Nigeria using ICAN Lagos state as the case study. Specifically, the study aimed at ascertaining the responsibility and reliability factors which contribute to the audit expectation gap problem in Nigeria; ascertain the perception of auditors who are ICAN MEMBERS in Nigeria as to the suggestions for bridging the expectation gap; identify the opinion of audi...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of accounting information as a tool for management decision. Specifically, the study examined the importance of accounting information for decision making, looked at the need for accounting information as a vital tools for managerial decision making, examined the extent management of the company under review have been using the accounting information given to them and examined the chal...

ABSTRACT

The project deals with audit conflict its impact on auditor’s ability to resist management pressure. This study examines the effect of ethical reasoning and formal sanction on the behaviour of auditors with detestiful attributes. The researcher used two source of data collection, primary and secondary data. Method of investigating, the researcher made use of various research instruments in gathering information for the research. One o...

ABSTRACT

In this study the independence of auditors was critically evaluated and the importance of auditors’ independence in financial statement credibility was analyzed. In order to make informed decision it is important for the financial statement to be credible. The auditors are expected to audit the financial statement of companies in order to present a true and fair view or otherwise of the financial statement. The study adopted a survey...

ABSTRACT

The problems of revenue losses to government due to fraudulent and illegal deals from her citizens and organisations within the country prompt the need for this research work. The researcher took time to check all about company income tax administration problems and prospects for the accomplishment of the objectives of the study e.g. reviews of related literature has been carried out to a reasonable level. This study will be conducted in Ab...

ABSTRACT

This contains the impact of social responsibilities of Oil Companies in the host communities of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: A case study of shell petroleum Development Company. It is true that most corporate organizations especially multinational companies are not living up to expectation in solving the problems contributed in the region by their activities. Their oil exploration had causes pollution in the area, which has caused untold hardship to t...

ABSTRACT

The main focus of this study is to assessing the impact of accounting software in the processing of accounting information using selected SME’s in Abuja as case study. The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants using the convenience sampling technique to choose the sample size in the study. A total of 77 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent are staff of the s...

ABSTRACT

This work is all about fraud prevention, detection and control in the banking sector of Nigeria. This study has Habib Nigeria bank Limited, Enugu as a case study. From the study, such factors like poor staffing, poor remuneration, weak internal control among other factors contributed immensely to the incidence of fraud in banks. The study revealed that the most effective way of preventing fraud in banks is through an effective in-built...

ABSTRACT

The study focuses on assessing the impact of the use of Accounting software in the preparing financial statement of commercial banks in Nigeria. The centre of attention was on three commercial banks namely GT bank, FCMB and First Banks; all in the Benin City, Edo State. A stratified sampling technique was used to select this sample. The Banks were stratified as follows: computerized and networked bank computerized but not networked and partially computerize...

ABSTRACT

This researcher work was embarked upon to study the efficiency of monetary policy in controlling inflation in Nigeria. The need for this study was informed by the trend of inflationary growth over the years, the impact of inflation on the achievement of the four basic goals of monetary policy: economic growth, price stability, inflationary rate or favourable balance of payment. This research work have been carried out on this...

ABSTRACT

This study examine the electronic tax system, tax compliance and revenue collection efficiency in Lagos state, Nigeria. The study used cross-sectional survey design. Population of the study comprised of tax officials, SME employees, self-employed individuals. Data were Collected through the used f structured Questionnaire. Regression and correlation were used to analyse the data retrieved from the questionnaire. Among the finding reveals by...

ABSTRACT

The broad objective of this study is focused on enhancing financial accountability in private sector using 7up Bottling company as case study. Survey research design was adopted for the study and with the aid of convenient sampling method, the researcher selected Eighty (80) participant who are Management and Staff in 7up Bottling Company in Aba as the respondent of the study. Well structured questionnaire was issued to the 80 respondent of...

ABSTRACT

This study examined the role of corporate governance in organizations, and how the public confidence can be restored in organization through financial reporting. The study aimed at ascertaining the extent to which financial helps organizations in achieving their corporate objective. In the course of achieving these objectives, certain research questions were raised, which led to the adoption of three research hypotheses. The study particula...

ABSTRACT

Inventory management is a significant component of any business since inventories are normally accountable for the majority of the costs incurred in business operations. Several researches conducted to ascertain how companies meet customer demand by tracking and maintaining the inventory required using and inventory management system. Thus, the desire to find out inventory management and control on manufacturing ignited this study. This work examined the in...

ABSTRACT

This study was intended to evaluate the extent to which forensic accounting can be used as a tool in fraud detection. This study was guided by the following objectives; to identify the role of a forensic accountant in an organization, to know if forensic accounting significantly reduces the occurrence of fraud in an organization, to know if there is a significant difference between professional forensic accountants and traditional external auditor. The...

ABSTRACT

The study was carried-out to examine the effectiveness of Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) in combating tax evasion in Nigeria (case study of Lagos State board of internal revenue). The related literatures were reviewed. The population of study comprises the total revenue before TIN (TRBT), total revenue after TIN (TRAT), internally generated revenue before TIN (IGRBT) and internally generated revenue after TIN (IGRAT). A number of...

ABSTRACT

This study seeks to investigate whether the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Nigeria has been complied with in Nigerian Banks. It is phenomenon for every organization (including banks) to adopt (IFRS) as it ensures transparency, accounting quality and reduced cost of capital. Thus, the desire to examine the examination on the extent of compliance to International Financial Reporting Standard in WEMA Bank PLC. To achieve this object...

ABSTRACT

The demands and expectations from local government councils over the years have been on the increase while delivering the dividend of democracy and good governance at the grassroots continues to dwindle owing to mismanagement and misappropriation of funds. As a result of the above factors, local government administrators are most times unable to meet up with their financial obligations in terms of p...

ABSTRACT

In this study, our focus was to carryout  a critical analysis on financial record maintenance practices in business establishment. The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 80 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent are active workers in registered establishment in Aba, Abia state.

The findings revealed that that there is a significant relation...

ABSTRACT

The unprecedented master influx of financial reporting in the country party as a result of deregulation policies occasioned by sometimes government intervention has aroused the curiosity of writers to carry out study of this nature. This reporting apparently act as a tool for management decision. The problem does not lie on management decision but the financial market in general and public users as a whole. Thus the cord of this study...

ABSTRACT

This study examined the relationship between firm financial management techniques and profitability. Six variables including Long-term-debt to Equity ratio (LTDER), Inventory turnover ratio (ITR), Debtors’ turnover ratio (DTR), Creditors’ velocity (CRSV), Total assets turnover ratio (TATR) and Net profit margin (NPM). Profitability as a dependent variable is represented by Net profit margin (NPM) while LTDER, ITR, DTR, CRSV and TATR were used. D...

ABSTRACT

The diagnostic survey conducted in 2001 into the Federal Government public procurement revealed that Nigeria lost several hundred billions of Naira over the last few decades due of flagrant abuse of procedures, lack of transparency and merit in the award of contracts in the public sector. Measures like legislative committees, financial audit, ministerial control, judicial reviews, anticorruption agencies, advisory committees, parliamentary...

ABSTRACT

Commercial banks perform numerous functions.  One of the most profitable investments of the commercial banks is granting of loans and advances to those customers that need such including business organization as loans are always needed to enhance profitability of such organization and help them execute such projects, which their capital cannot finance.  These are factors, which banks do consider before granting such loans. Th...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine Forensic Accounting And Audit As a Panacea For Preventing Corporate Fraud In Nigeria using First Bank Plc, Ikeja, Lagos State as a case study. Specifically, the study aimed at finding out if the in-depth knowledge and skill in accounting and audit help forensic accountants in preventing corporate fraud in banks, if the forensic accounting standard in carrying out their duties and fighting...

ABSTRACT

The study examines the effect of forensic accounting as a tool for fraud detection and prevention in an organization. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between fraud detection, prevention and forensic accounting. To achieve this objective, data was collected from primary sources. The primary data were collected with the help of a well-structured questionnaire of two sections administered to staff and management of Enugu...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine forensic accounting as a tool for fraud detection and prevention in Nigeria in Surulere Local Government, Lagos State. Specifically, the study examined  the role of Forensic Accountant in an organization. The study also  examine the possibility of reducing the occurrence of fraud cases using Forensic Accounting. Furthermore , the study  find out whether Forensic Accountant...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on fraud in financial institution and the auditors liability using Access Bank, Ikeja, Lagos State as case study. To achieve this 4 research questions were formulated.  The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of the entire Staff of Access Bank, Ikeja, Lagos State. In determining the sample size, the researcher conve...

ABSTRACT

This study was intended to evaluate the extent to which forensic accounting can be used as a tool in fraud detection. This study was guided by the following objectives; to identify the role of a forensic accountant in an organization, to know if forensic accounting significantly reduces the occurrence of fraud in an organization, to know if there is a significant difference between professional forensic accountants and traditional external auditor. The...

ABSTRACT

This research work was designed to study fraud in the Nigerian banking industry. This study titled: fraud in the Nigerian banking industry: causes, consequences and solution. Case study of Union Bank of Nigeria Plc. The objective of the study is to find more realistic ways and means to minimize the occurrence of frauds in commercial banks. Relevant data for this research work were collected from both primary and secondary source of data. A...

ABSTRACT

The project examines fraud management and performance of financial institutions in Nigeria. The study’s main objective is to know the magnitude of frauds in Nigeria banks and to know why and how banks personnel commit fraud. The primary source of data collection was used in gathering data from respondents. An empirical force affects the Nigerian banking sector, using the ordinary least square estimation (OLS) techniques called the exa...

ABSTRACT

This study examines the impact of frauds and forgeries on the banking industry in Nigeria. One of the major characteristics a bank must possess is that its customers must be able to have unflinching and undoubted confidence in the banking the banking system, but due to the act of fraud and forgeries, this confidence has been reduced to the barest level, this does not affect the banking sector alone, but the long-term effect in on economy as...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The current business environment and even more economic recession, have in recent times pushed the top management of many organizations into paying attention to how to make the financial statements of their organizations look better in order to attract investors by manipulating figures in their financial statement either by increasing or decreasing the figures depending on what they want to achieve at the moment using aggress...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The commercial world today has been devastated by random breaches of business ethics. This has resulted to rampant occurrence of white collar crimes committed mostly by top and highly educated professional personnel, these crimes are sometimes euphemistically dubbed, executive dishonesty crimes like improper waiver of interest on loans, fraudulent false accounting, falsification, computer fraud, dishonesty, classification of debts as bad debt...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Fraud can be described as a conscious premeditated action of a person or group of persons with the intention of altering the truth or fact for selfish personal monetary gain.  It involves the use of deceit and trick and sometimes highly intelligent cunning and know how.  The action usually takes the form of forgery, falsification of documents and forgery of signature and outright theft.

Employees as well a...

ABSTRACT

The research proffers an analytical and theoretical framework of functional accounting education curriculum for sustainable youth empowerment. It appraises the nature of a functional accounting education curriculum and determines its significance in youth empowerment. The research seek to determine functional accounting education curriculum for youth empowerment in Edo state. The research has attempted to investigate and report the factors in...

Background of the Study

Dividend is the return that accrues to shareholders as a result of the money invested in acquiring the stock of a given company (Eriki and Okafor 2002). While dividend policy on the other hand is concerned with division of net profit after taxes between payments to shareholders (ordinary shareholders) and retention for reinvestment on behalf of the shareholders (Kempner 1980). A difficult decision for both public and private...

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the relationship between volatility in the United States economy and capital markets, and the Nigerian capital market and economy alike. The aim being to determine if the Nigerian bourse is volatile and if it is significantly affected by the current global economic meltdown (using data from the United States as proxies). Using secondary data for the period December, 1990 to December, 2008, the study made use of multi...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Fraud is an endemic that are gradually becoming a normal way of life in both public and private sectors, from the presidential cabinets, down to the political officer, to the ward councillors, from managing directors of companies, through middle management cadre and to lower managers in Nigeria (Gbegi & Adebisi, 2014). Financial fraud has for long been categorized as a menace that led to the collapse of many reputable ins...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine fraud prevention and control in banking system using staffs of three (3) selected banks in Ikeja, Lagos State as case study. Specifically, the study was aimed at studying critically how fraud in banks could be prevented and controlled, evaluate the easiest way ration of fraud and other fraud committed could be electronically captured, and proffer ways to reduce the spread of fraud in our banki...

ABSTRACT

The study examined the impact of value added tax on the internally generated revenue of Lagos State for a 6-year period ranging between 2011 and 2016. The study established that VAT is a consumption tax on economic operations including imports. VAT, being an indirect tax, attracts a flat rate of 5% and is collected on behalf of the government by businesses and organizations who have registered with the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS)...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine effectiveness of taxation in Nigeria in comparison with other nations of the world. Survey research design was employed for the study and with the aid of convenience sampling method, 80 participant was selected as the  respondent for the study. Well structure questionnaire was issued to the enrolled participants of which 77 of the instrument were retrieved and validated for the study. Data was anal...

 ABSTRACT

This research project was designed to examine “effects of Published Financial Statement on Shareholders Investment Decision” (A Study of Guinness Nigeria Plc). The primary and secondary sources of data were adopted. Questionnaires were distributed by hand and ninety nine were returned. Upon presentation and analysis of data, hypotheses were tested empirically using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The researc...

ABSTRACT

The increase in tax evasion and actual tax revenue collected but not fully remitted to the government necessitated this study on tax audit. This study explores the effect of tax audit and investigation on revenue generation in Nigeria. The population of the study consists of the staff of the Federal Inland Revenue Service, Lagos State. The study employed the survey descriptive research design. A total of 230 responses were validated fr...

ABSTRACT

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the effect of tax authority in the prevention and detection of tax fraud in Nigeria.  It focuses mainly on tax authority  in Ekiti state The project made use of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was generated through the administration of 133 questionnaires and all the questionnaires were returned. Secondary data was collected from journals and records. Responses from the questionna...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine the effect of misrepresentation of information-in-a-financial-statement using Access Bank Lagos state as case study. Specifically, the study examined  the means through which the financial statement of an entity is altered or misrepresented. The study also, determine the factors that induce the act of misrepresenting the information in the financial statement. The study further, &nbs...

ABSTRACT

This study is motivated by the existence of a deficiency in the financial reporting system in Nigeria, which is the act of creative accounting. The rate at which financial statements of various Nigerian companies are being manipulated is increasing and greatly affects the various stakeholders in one way or the other. This research work focuses on “the effect of creative accounting on shareholders wealth in business organizations&rdquo...

ABSTRACT

In this research work titled “Relationship between dividend payment and corporate performance of Access Banks Plc and Guarantee Trust Bank Plc”. The researcher examined the relationship between earning per share and dividend per share of selected Nigerian banks. Evaluates the relationship between firm size and dividend per share of Nigerian banks. Examined the relationship between return on asset and dividend per share of Nigeri...

Background to the study

Financial misappropriation is gaining attention throughout the world, with many nations undertaking deliberate and significant attempts to enhance the use of public funds. Financial misappropriation is a global issue that has a significant socioeconomic impact, particularly on poor countries. The phrase "financial misappropriation or embezzlement" refers to the purposeful manipulation of financial statements in orde...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The problem of fraud, money laundering, and other unethical behaviors in commercial and government organizations has demanded the use of forensic or investigative accounting and the practice of those accounting methods. Investigative accounting, sometimes known as forensic accounting, is a subfield of accounting that focuses on recouping ill-gotten gains through crimes such as fraud, money laundering, and other forms of finan...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The problem of fraud in financial institution in Nigeria has remained one of the disturbing features of the banking sector.  The menace is of the great concern to regulatory authorities the government and the general public because financial institutions are the central of modern economy, the place of people wealth and supplier of credit, which lubricates the engine of growth of the entire economy.

According to...

Background to the study

Since the debt crisis in the early 1980s, attention has been focused on the outflow of capital resulting from distortionary domestic policies and political instability mainly in the developing nations. The rate at which huge sums of money are transferred out of developing countries illegally has become quite alarming. Consequently, cross-border illicit financial flows (Hereafter called IFFs) which serve to conceal illegal act...

Background of the study

The word non-profit making organizations explained that the organizations are not established for the purpose of making profits. Non-profit making organizations such as clubs, societies, charitable organizations and social organizations are established basically for the purpose of promoting the welfare and activities of the members and not for profit motive unlike business enterprise. Most business organizations either p...

INTRODUCTION

The applications of Accounting Information have contributed to the growth and development of every business entity.  Non-profit making organization on the other hand has immensely benefited from accounting information to survive, integrate and stabilize in this current economic recession in the country.  Any of the non-profit making organization that neglect the roles and impacts of accounting information will at the end of th...

INTRODUCTION

The applications of Accounting Information have contributed to the growth and development of every business entity.  Non-profit making organization on the other hand has immensely benefited from accounting information to survive, integrate and stabilize in this current economic recession in the country.  Any of the non-profit making organization that neglect the roles and impacts of accounting information will at the end of th...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Accounting is the art of recording, classifying, and summarizing in a sufficient manner and in terms of money, transactions, and events which are of a financial character and interpreting the results thereof.

The effects of computeriz...

Background to the Study

The attainment of corporate objectives is a function of the prudent use of committed economic resources.  Towards this, many industries adopt various strategies being which financial planning and control in this regards empirical evidences have revealed that the newspaper industry is no exception.

This paper therefore aims of presenting a theoretical and empirical study to explain the degree of financial planning and control t...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Business  organization,  especially  the  large  ones  exit  to  carry  out  certain  duties  and  responsibilities to their owners and those who have interest in them. One of the means by which they could achieve their aims and objectives involving paying particular attention to information needs of the parties they exist to serve, both internal and external.M...

Background To The Study.

At independence, Nigeria joined the committee of nation with the hope for a better tomorrow. We were able to feed ourselves and were of course almost self-sufficient. Subsequently our hopes seemed unattainable. We seem to be going deeper and deeper into the woods. The consensus is that it has been bad for Nigeria. Due to the adverse economic condition prevailing in the country many businesses have closed, shops and even fin...

​​​​​​​BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Wants are numerous while resources are limited but there is every tendency to waste or under-utilise the limited resources by the human factor involved in the production of goods and services. With various companies competing with one another, only few that are able to produce at least possible cost will survive the growing competition in the market.  Therefore, it is paramount for every serious business undertaken t...

Background of the Study

On the international stage, countries and nations that have good governance are those in which individuals and institutions are known to demonstrate a high sense of accountability and transparency. These countries and nations also observe the rule of law, respect human rights, and many other important norms and values (Adamolekun, 2021). Accountability stands out as the most important characteristic of successful government,...

​​​​​Background of the study

It should come as no surprise that huge sums of money and vast amounts of material are being put to use by various business groups (Baker, 2022). Both the quantity of and the monetary worth of activities carried out by the public sector have seen significant growth in recent years. Because of the rise in activity, there is now a greater demand for responsibility (Akpakpan, 2021). The accountability process includes auditing as one of its...

Background of the Study

Globally, auditing is an independent evaluation of an economic entity created by its management to examine the internal control system and report on its ampleness in terms of validity, economics, effectiveness, and the necessary effectiveness in using resources, tests, assessments, and so on. It is critical to ensure that the use of public funds is appropriately and economically efficient, effective, and in the interests of s...

Background of Study

Capital structure decision is very crucial to any organization; it is very difficult to decide the best combination of debt and equity. The success of insurance companies in the business environment of Nigeria depends on the ability of the managers to effectively determine the optimal capital mix. This is necessary to ensure that they make profit and shareholders get to see that objective fulfilled, which is wealth maximization....

Background of the study

Prior to 1993, very little information on Nigeria's Value-Added Tax (VAT) was available to the public. The approval of a report made by a research committee on indirect taxation headed by Dr. Sylvester Ugoh in November 1991, which was led by Dr. Ugoh, was the impetus for the conception of VAT. In the speech that was given for the 1992 budget, the decision that was taken to adopt the advice was made public. (Okpe, 2016). Additionally, acco...

Background of the study

Tax revenue mobilisation as a source of finance for development initiatives in Nigeria has been a tough issue, owing to many types of opposition, such as evasion, avoidance, and other forms of corruption. These operations are seen as economic sabotage and are frequently cited as contributing to Nigeria's current condition of underdevelopment. Because the Nigerian economy is in recession, there are contradictions in o...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In many developing nations, such as Nigeria, the Value-Added Tax, sometimes known as VAT, has become an important source of revenue (Ijewere, 2022). In sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, value-added tax (VAT) has been implemented in the Republic of Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, the Republic of Niger, Senegal, and Togo. Other countries in the region include Togo and the Republic of Niger....

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 

Recently, proper management and accountability of financial resources like funds in the public sector has begun to receive much prominence. This is primarily due to an increase in fraud and high inflation rates, which devalue idle or unaccounted cash and, more importantly, the failure of the goals of establishing such enterprises and extra ministerial departments. Okezie (2017) observed that most government es...

INTRODUCTION

Monetary policy is a scheme of intervention initiated by the monetary authorities, typically the central bank, to maintain and regulate the demand for and supply of money with the public and the public and the flow of credit with view to achieving predetermined macroeconomic goals

Currently, fiscal policy has been taken to be a very vital measure in controlling the Nigeria economy this is one of the principal functions of...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY    

The capital market performs for the economy, at the long-term end of the spectrum, the functions which the money market performs at the short-term end of the spectrum. Iimi, A. (2017) opined that This is because the money market is the short-term end of the Nigerian financial system, and the Nigerian capital market is the long-term end. Consequently, those who are short of funds and need to borrow for short-term p...

Background of the Study

Globally, auditing is an independent review of an economic entity that is established by the management of the firm in order to examine the internal control system and report on its ampleness in terms of validity, economics, effectiveness, and the necessary effectiveness in using resources, tests, assessments, and so on. It is of the utmost importance to guarantee that the utilization of public funds is both economically and...

Background of the study

Responsible governments worldwide, whether at the federal, state, or local levels, are concerned with providing social goods and services to their populations. They are responsible for the upkeep of laws and orders within their countries, as well as the defense of their territorial integrity against foreign assault. A large sum of money is required to carry out these social obligations. Imposition of taxes is one of the key sources of funds a...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Every single commercial organisation, regardless of whether it operates in the public or private sphere, was founded with the intention of accomplishing a certain set of goals. This may involve the maximising of profits, as is the situation in the private sector; alternatively, it may involve the timely and effective supply of critical services at a lower cost, as is the case in the public sector (Alexander & Britton 2021...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Investment inflows, particularly foreign investment, are thought to have a favourable influence on a host country's economic growth via several direct and indirect pathways. According to Okpe.(2016), domestic investment is critical to achieving long-term growth and development. Thus investing is the allocation of money (or occasionally another resource, such as time) with the hope of future gain. A return is the pred...

Background of the study

Taxation is a financial concern, and paying it is a civil responsibility. It is the imposition of a financial burden on individual firms and corporations by the government. In general, the term tax refers to any contribution levied by the government on individuals and businesses in exchange for the use of government facilities or services. It is not a voluntary payment or donation, but rather an imposed contribution given in...

 INTRODUCTION

A well-organized society, such as a country or state government, owes some basic responsibilities to the people it controls. These commitments take the shape of essential social amenities such as adequate roads, health, security of lives and property, housing, clean water, and so on. Citizens, for their part, owe the government an appropriate contribution in the form of a tax levy. Against this backdrop, the government levies...

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Accounting is, at its core, a measurement and communication process that is utilized to report on the activity of organizations seeking both profit and non-profit seeking outcomes. In a nutshell, it refers to the academic discipline that focuses on the process of summarizing, documenting, analyzing, and interpreting economic events and other financial operations. Accountants are the ones responsible for carrying out this process....

Background Of The Study

This is now a national issue. The increasing incidence of fraud and misappropriation of funds and property by Accounting officers and chief executive in the public sector of the Nigeria economy pose pertinent question as to whether auditing plays any significant role towards ensuring proper accountability and judicious use of fund set aside for various purposes and corporate objectives(Ejerel, 2012).

Some programmer...

Background of the Study

The application of information and communication technology concepts, techniques, policies and implementation strategies to banking services has become a subject of fundamental importance and concerns to all banks and indeed a prerequisite for local and global competitive banking. The advancement i-tech important role in improving service delivery standards in the banking industry. According to Olusegun, Ishola, & Ha...

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and managing are just a few of the tasks performed by an organization as part of its management process. According to Brech (2020), the best definition of management for everyday use is as follows: A social process that involves accountability for the efficiency, financial planning, and rules governing how a company operates in order to accomplish a certain goal or job. These duties inc...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The concept of Economic Development has to do with innovation and improvement in people's quality of life; it is about a sustained rise in people's standard of living over time, whether in advanced or less developed countries, nations, government superiors state of affairs or superiors they currently enjoy. Agbebuyi (2020) assert that to do this, intentional efforts must be taken to establish people-centered policies that increase the...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The globalization of economic activities has resulted in an increased demand for high quality, internationally comparable financial information that will guide companies and investors operating beyond borders. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) was prompted to develop a single set of global accounting standards that require comparable information in financial statements in order to assist participants in...

Background to the study

Social accounting is the branch of accounting that assists a business in being accountable to all of its stakeholders in all of its operations and activities. Social accounting practices are concerned with the gathering and dissemination of data - financial, quantitative, and/or qualitative - about an organization's interactions with society (Gray, Collison and Bebbington, 1998). Employment, training, and advancement of d...

Background Of The Study

The public sector is made up of organizations in which the public, as opposed to private owners, has authority over them, and the provision of services, rather than profit, is the major focus of their operations. According to Ofurum (2015), it is difficult to make comparisons between the financial performance of the public sector and that of the private sector. This is due to the fact that public sector organizations serve mu...

Background Of The Study

The Treasury single account is a banking arrangement that was put into place in order to control several accounts that were formed by various ministries, departments, and organizations (MDAs). The primary goal of a TSA is to guarantee that an effective aggregate control is maintained over the cash balances held by the government. The consolidation of cash resources via an arrangement with TSA makes cash management more conven...

Abstract

This course of study is centered on the appraisal of the success and failure of public sector accountability. This is to say that, the essences of public funds are the provision of social benefits to the people who contributed to it. It is therefore, important that the public administrator should be given a clear account of what they did with public funds, if the aim of such an administrator is to complete its tenure in the office this is because people can...

ABSTRACT

This study aims to evaluate the causes and effects of tax evasion and avoidance in Lagos state and proffering solution to the menace of these tax irregularities. The total number of one hundred and fourth-five (145) was used to analyze the opinion of eligible tax payers in Lagos state. The hypothesis were tested on the relationship between the tax evasion and tax avoidance and the administration of taxation by the government and the relationship between tax...

ABSTRACT

This research is on the challenges of cost benefit analysis in a computerized auditing System. The purpose of this study is to enquire into the viability or other wise of computerized auditing Systems, with particularly reference to coca-cola Bottling Company, Enugu. The objective of the study is to ascertain if the introduction computer system may lead to industrial unrests as workers resists change. Also, the method used...

Abstract

This work is designed to find out the financial problems and prospects of privatization in Nigeria, a case study of Nigeria Breweries Plc. The work therefore covers the background, significance and objectives of the study in chapter one. Which chapter two views issues dating to literature and tried to highlights it’s concepts and inceptions of privatization in Nigeria. Chapter three shows the research design and methodology and pointe...

Abstract

This course of study is centered on the appraisal of the success and failure of public sector accountability. This is to say that, the essences of public funds are the provision of social benefits to the people who contributed to it. It is therefore, important that the public administrator should be given a clear account of what they did with public funds, if the aim of such an administrator is to complete its tenure in the office this is because people can...

ABSTRACT

The study sought to determine the effect of internal control system on financial performance of manufacturing firms in Tuyil pharmaceutical ltd. To achieve the objective of this study, the study used hypothesis testing research design. The study tested the following hypotheses: H1: Internal Controls and Financial Performance are positively related; H2: Internal Controls have a significant impact on Financial Performance. The population chos...

ABSTRACT

The study examines the relationship between accounting principles and quality of financial reports in Nigerian brewery industry. The study explicitly assesses the impact of accounting ethical principles of disclosure, objectivity and integrity on the quality of financial reports of selected firms in the Nigerian brewery industry. Primary data was used in the study. The data were obtained from structured questionnaires administered to 120 accounting prac...