BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Although infrastructure investment is widely seen as a critical engine of economic growth, many developing nations, including Nigeria, fall behind in terms of the quality and quantity of critical economic infrastructure. Developing countries have two alternatives for filling this gap: raise revenue through taxation or borrow. As a result, in this scenario, taxes is viewed as a potential source of revenue to support crises as stated by On...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Poverty has been on the rise in the Nigerian economy for the past two decades, and the plague was particularly severe in the 1980s. As a result, it becomes critical to use all relevant economic factors to correlate economic growth with poverty reduction. The level of development in Sub-Saharan Africa is such that recent economic performance looks to be on the decline, and despite the progress made by a few African nations, th...

Background of the study

Throughout history, people have exchanged products and services via a number of techniques and channels. Many of these methods and materials, such as metal coins or paper money, are typically physical.

Without a question, the global financial sector is embracing the most recent technology shift from actual cash to nearly abstract currencies. As a result of this increase, cryptocurrencies were formed. Cryptocurrency...

BACKGROUND OF STUDY 

The Nigerian civil war, which lasted from 1967 to 1970, disrupted many areas of the economy. If we omit the civil war experience, cyclical fluctuations in oil receipts exercised a significant impact beginning in 1974, according to Okongwu (1986). The petroleum sector has grown in importance and dominance in terms of contributions to government income, rising from 1% in 1960 to more than 80% now (http:...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Although infrastructure investment is widely seen as a critical engine of economic growth, many developing nations, including Nigeria, fall behind in terms of the quality and quantity of critical economic infrastructure. Developing countries have two alternatives for filling this gap: raise revenue through taxation or borrow. As a result, in this scenario, taxes is viewed as a potential source of revenue to support crises as stated by On...

INTRODUCTION
Every government, particularly those in developing countries, is worried about their country's economic progress. As a result, they work hard to attain better rates of economic growth and increase the living standards of their inhabitants.

The main challenge has been how to attract investors and create the necessary domestic resources using tax tools that are least damaging to both the government and the investors. Obviously,...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The relationship between government expenditure and economic growth has continued to generate series of debate among scholars. Government performs two functions­-Protection (and security) and Provision of certain public goods (Abdullah, 2000) and (AI - Yousif, 2000). Protection function consists of the creation of rule of law and enforcement of property right. This helps to minimize risk of criminality, protect life and p...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The construction sector occupies a focal position in the economy of any nation because it is an important contributor to the process of development (Aje, 2008). In the conduct of economic activities, the construction sector is always used by government as the stimulus for the buoyancy of the economy (Akindoyemi, 2011). The construction industry is therefore a critical factor or variable of progress in the drive for economic a...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nigeria as a nation is characterized by a developing economy because the various sectors responsible for economic development are not optimally utilized, as a result of which we have not been able to fully tap the natural resources that Nigeria is endowed with as it could increase our national earnings, resulting in an increase in per capita income. We are in an opposite position, with low per capita income. A low quality of...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

According to Long (2012), tourism is an efficient approach to reinvigorate the economy of any place and is widely recognized as one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The constant and rapid rise of tourism is not independent of the world economy's sustained economic growth, which lasted from the mid-1990s to 2007. This expansion has permitted greater worldwide disposable income, leisure demand, and this, alon...

A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF NIGERIA’S EXTERNAL DEBT

The management of Nigeria’s external debt has been a major macroeconomic problem especially since the early 1980s. For many years now, the country’s debt has been growing in spite of the efforts being made by the Government to manage and minimize its crushing effects on the nation’s economy. Such efforts range from the various refinancing and restructuring agreements to debt conversion progr...

Background of the study

Inflation is a term used to describe the rate at which the price of goods and services rises over time. Inflation impacts not only the cost of life – items like transportation, power, and food – but also interest rates on savings accounts, company performance, and, as a result, share prices. For many years, digitization has altered the way monetary systems operate, but it has only lately begun to alter their struc...

Background of the study

The availability and equality of opportunities to receive financial services are characterized as financial inclusion. It's a method for individuals and organizations to obtain relevant, inexpensive, and timely financial goods and services. Banking, loans, equities, and insurance goods are among them (Nanda, K. Kaur, M. 2016). In the realms of economic and financial policy, the problem of financial inclusion is a source o...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

National income is the sum of the money value of all the commodities and services produced in a country within a particular period of time usually one year (Jude, 2017).

The question of how an economy grows could come to mind at this juncture.  It the amount of goods and services produced by an economy increases.  If it does not increase yearly, it is not growing, even if it is growing, the rate of gr...

Background To The Study

Infrastructure is very significant to a country’s developmental prospect, the adequacy of infrastructure may determine a country’s success of failure in diversifying production, coping with population growth, reducing poverty, improving welfare of citizens (Mobolaji & Wale 2012). One of The major roles of any government particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria is the provision of infrastructural se...

Background To The Study

Infrastructure is very significant to a country’s developmental prospect, the adequacy of infrastructure may determine a country’s success of failure in diversifying production, coping with population growth, reducing poverty, improving welfare of citizens (Mobolaji & Wale 2012). One of The major roles of any government particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria is the provision of infrastructural se...

1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

One of the most commonly discussed issues in economics is on how taxes as means of fiscal policy at stabilizing the general economy relate to economic growth of developing countries such as Nigeria. A lot of studies have tend to yield an audience of the relationship between taxation and economic. Some of the studies have rather yielded results that have established negative effects of taxes on economic growth. Taxes as mean...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

One of the most commonly discussed issues in economics is on how taxes as means of fiscal policy at stabilizing the general economy relate to economic growth of developing countries such as Nigeria. A lot of studies have tend to yield an audience of the relationship between taxation and economic. Some of the studies have rather yielded results that have established negative effects of taxes on economic growth. Taxes as means...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Research on effectiveness of monetary policy on economic variables in Nigerian economy has for long been of interest to economist and policy makers however, studies have been carried out on certain aspects of economic variables. These studied are meager and in any case, not covering the effectiveness of monetary policy of price...

Background Of The Study

The introduction of electronic banking, online transactions and mobile banking in Nigeria has paved way for a new era of development where the use and demand for physical cash is gradually declining. These recent evolution of technology in the Nigerian financial institutions posses interesting questions for economist, financial institutions, business analyst and the government regarding the current economical status, logistic...

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The oil boom of the 1970s led Nigeria to neglect its agricultural and light manufacturing bases in favor of an unhealthy dependence on crude oil. In 2000, oil and gas export accounted for more than 98% of export earning and about 83% of federal government revenue. New oil wealth, the concurrent decline of other economic sector and a lurch toward a static economic model fueled massive migration to the cities and led to increasingl...

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Nigerian government has made significant efforts in recent years, not only in the fair distribution of such facilities to different parts of the country but also to increase the quality and improve the quality of such facilities.

The development of infrastructural facilities today is the responsibility of the Federal and state government. However, it should be noted, that until recently most of the infrastructure facilities develope...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Prior to 1993, only very little was known of Value Added Tax (VAT) in Nigeria. The idea of VAT started with the acceptance of the recommendation of Dr Sylvester Ugoh led study group on Indirect Taxation in November 1991. The decision to accept the recommendation was made public in the 1992 Budget speech. (Okpe, 2001). In addition, according to Obianwuna (2005), the Federal Government set up two study groups in 1991, one was s...

Undoubtedly, parts of the macroeconomic goals which the government strives to achieve are the maintenance of stable domestic price level and full-employment. Macroeconomic performance is judged by three broad measures- unemployment rate, inflation rate, and the growth rate of output (Ugwuanyi, 2004).

Unemployment has been categorized as one of the serious impe...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The relationship between government expenditure and economic growth has continued to generate series of debate among scholars. Government performs two functions­-Protection (and security) and Provision of certain public goods (Abdullah, 2000) and (AI - Yousif, 2000). Protection function consists of the creation of rule of law and enforcement of property right. This helps to minimize risk of criminality, protect life and p...

In the global terms, knowledge on all ramification of human endeavor, be it engineering, marketing, medicine and so on, is the pivot upon which the fulcrum of wisdom gravitate. This accounts for the differences in development on the private life and national life of individuals and the nations all over the world.

No country has achieved sustained economic development without substantial investment in human capital. Several studies have evolved to analyze the channel through which hu...

Abstract

This study performed an analysis on the inflow trends of Foreign Direct Investment investigated in the Nigerian construction industry with a view to studying the pattern of flow and assessing the effect of increased flow of FDI on the industry. Annualized time series archival data from the central bank of Nigeria and the National Bureau of Statistics served as the data source. The data collected was analyzed using simple percentages, regression analysis, Du...

Background to the study

Oil, a very versatile and flexible, non-reproductive, depleting, natural (hydrocarbon) is a fundamental input into modern economic activity, providing about 50% of the total energy demand in the world. (Anyanwu J.C. et al, 1997)

Petro...

Abstract- This research work is on the impact of government expenditure on economic development in Nigeria. The main objective of this study is to empirically examine the impact of government expenditure on economic development in Nigeria. This research work made use of secondary data which were obtained from the Central bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (2016). The data were collected for a period of thirty six years (i.e. 1970-2010). The Ordinary Least Square Regression...

Abstract:- This study examined the relationship between trade liberalization and economic growth proxied by gross domestic growth rate in Nigeria. The study specifically assessed whether there is a long run and short run causal relationship running from trade liberalization to economic growth in Nigeria. Trade liberalization was measured using trade openness, exchange rate, total import trade, total export trade and balance of trade. The data for the stu...

INTRODUCTION

Globalization remains one of the most controversial subjects of our time. Several authors and ideological applications. Globalization is the close interaction between national economics through trade investment and capital flows made possible by technologica...

 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The oil boom of the 1970s led Nigeria to neglect its agricultural and light manufacturing bases in favor of an unhealthy dependence on crude oil. In 2000, oil and gas export accounted for more than 98% of export earning and about 83% of federal government revenue. New oil wealth, the concurrent decline of other economic sector and a lurch toward a static economic model fueled massive migration to the cities and led to incre...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.

In recent time, the fortune of small scale and medium scale Industries attracted the attention of government world-wide and thus has been the focus of general interest and research, especially in developing Countries due to the importance of small scale and medium scale Industries.

Their importance cannot be over emphasized as they constitute a whole virile vehicle for the generation of vast production of outputs a...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Globally, the number of deaths among children under age five has fallen from 12.4 million in 1990 to 8.1 million in 2009 (UNICEF, 2010). This implies that in 2009 more than 22,000 children under five died each day -12,000 fewer than in 1990. All regions except sub- Saharan Africa, Southern Asia and Oceania recorded reductions of at least 50 percent (WHO, 2008). According to United Nations (2001) estimates, the overall infant and under-five mor...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

The Heckscher–Ohlin model (H–O model) is a mathematical model of international trade, which states that every country has access to the same technology. They can produce different goods with same technology using one fixed factor (labour) and a varying factor (capital) on a perfect competitive condition and constant returns to sale(Bond, Kazumichi, & Kazuo, 2012).  Heckscher-Ohlin in his theory, state that comparative fact...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

The term "insecurity" covers a wide range of meanings. It denotes risk, peril, and uncertainty, as well as a lack of protection and safety. Insecurity, according to Beland (2005) as cited in Ani (2014), is "a condition of worry or anxiety resulting from a physical or perceived absence of protection." It refers to a lack of or insufficient protection against danger. Insecurity is defined as the absence of peace, order, and s...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

According To Onuwuchekwa and Suleman (2014) Value Added Tax is a consumption tax (of a good or service) levied at each stage of the consumption (of a good or service) and borne by the final consumer of the product of service. It is a tax levied on sales or commodities at every stage of production. Its defining feature is that it credits taxes paid by the enterprise on their material inputs against the taxes they must levy on their sales. Unlik...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Mahmood, Hafeez and Rasheed (2009) concluded that inflation causes poverty. Day to day increase in prices of commodities especially of non-food items like oil and gas snatch money from savings of consumers and uncertainty of prices, both food and non-food items, generate enthusiasm among people toward earn more and more therefore, people prefer to work over recreation underestimating their Health.

Muoghalu, et.al. (2010) found t...

Background of the study

Economic development of any economy is dependent on the ability of the country to make effective and efficient use of available resources they have. One of the fundamental factor that facilitate the proper utilization of economic resources in the polity is the means of transportation. Transportation is the movement of people, goods and commodities from one location to another. This is done through variety of means or ways eit...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

The focal point of this study had been on the “Effect Of Tax Evasion and Avoidance on the Nigeria Economy”. The study has shown that the causes and effects are numerous.

The causes are group into benefit; receive factors, unpatriotic fact, administration and other factors. These factors involved manpower constraints, absence of reliable data, weak tax collection machinery, infrastructural inadequacies and many others. On the effect of tax...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Monetary policy is the set of measures taken by the monetary authority or Central Bank to control the volume, value, and cost of money in a society or an economy with the aim to achieving predetermined macroeconomic goal such as price stability, interest rate stability, exchange rate stability, and economic growth.

Monetary policy...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Liu, Burridge and Sinclair (2002) examined the relationship between economic growth, foreign direct investment and trade in China. The study found long run relationship between the variables and a bidirectional causality between economic growth, trade and foreign direct investment. In other stimulating study, Weisbrot and Baker (2003) argued that trade may not be the only key to rapid economic growth and development. They noted that the succes...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

According to Oyinlola and Adeyemi (2014) human capital development refers to the acquired and useful abilities of all the inhabitants or members of the society. Audu, Igwe and Onoh (2013) assert that human capital development consists of conscious efforts to amplify human knowledge, improve skills, productivity and inspire resourcefulness of individuals. Hines (2000) defines it as the combined knowledge, skills, innovativeness and ability of t...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Adeiza, Kabiru, and Muhibudeen (2015) utilized the variables in the listed chemical and paint firms in their study in Nigeria, they employed multiple regression as a data analysis methodology. In a Nigerian-based study, Mukhtar (2015) used OLS to determine the statistical influence of ownership structure on dividend payout ratio. In a similar line, Nuraddeed and Hasnah (2015) cited in Idris Ibrahim (2016) utilized pooled OLS to evalu...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Adesina, Nwidobie and Adesin (2015) suggested that management of quoted banks in Nigeria consistently use debt and equity as a way of improving earnings, an indication of a significant relationship between capital structure and financial performance of firms. South African firms are characterized by ownership structures that display a top down chain of command, where the owner of the firm is at the top of the pyramid (Fosu, 2013). He adds that...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Naira valuation in Nigeria has been principally influenced by external shocks resulting from the vagaries of world price of agricultural commodities and oil prices, both major sources of Nigeria export and foreign exchange earnings;   contending that when the economy depended on agricultural...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

economic growth is obtained by an efficient use of the available resources and by increasing the capacity of production of a country. It facilitates the redistribution of incomes between population and society. The cumulative effects, the small differences of the increase rates, become big for periods of one decade or more. It is easier to redistribute the income in a dynamic, gr...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

The increment of dollar has driven a large number of Nigerians to a state of lack/poverty.  Poverty is said to be a multidimensional phenomenon. The World Development Report 2000/2001(see World Bank, 2001) summarizes the various dimensions as a lack of opportunity, lack of empowerment and a lack of security. The window of opportunity remains closed to the poor masses, and this makes them practically inactive in the society. Their lack of...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Based on the nature and importance of the relationship between fiscal policy and manufacturing sector, this study becomes necessary in Nigeria, where output and capacity utilization of manufacturing sector have suffered rapid fluctuations in recent years. Since government desires to increase total spending in the economy with fiscal policy which can either increase its spending or reduce taxes in maintaining manufacturing sector stability, it...

ABSTRACT

The contribution of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) has been recognized as main sustenance of the economy because of their capacity in enhancing the economy output and enhance human welfare. On this basis, this research assesses the contribution of small and medium scale enterprises to the economic development of Nigeria. Multiple regression analysis was employed to determine the significant contribution of SMEs to the econom...

ABSTRACT

This study used a survey design to examine the  corruption in Nigeria: as a threat to sustainable economic development. The study was guided by three (3) research questions. The population included staff of selected banks in Enugu State. while the sample used for the study included 120 staff cutting across the six selected banks in the study area. An instrument called Effect of Corruption (EOC) was developed by...

Background of the Study

Public debates recently in Nigeria have centred on the increasing rate of corruption resulting from inappropriate public finance planning and implementation mostly in some of the developing countries, Nigeria inclusive which in turn reduce the level of economic growth in the country. Corruption made itself visible when the institution of the government was founded due the behaviour of people appoint or elect to manage the gov...

ABSTRACT

This research work was undertaken in order to evaluate the role of Fiscal policies in the development of Nigeria economy. A major issue in Nigerian economy recovery relates to the prospect of adoption of the most relevant fiscal policies in its economy. In view of this, the researcher addressed the following problems to be curbed in this research study.

i. Imprope...

ABSTRACT

The present study examined human capital development and economic growth in Nigeria using annual time series date from 1981 to 2015. The endogenous growth theory was adopted for the purpose of achieving the objective of this study. This study employs the ordinary least square regression analysis to examine tvariables under discuss. The empirical results show that human capital development has significant impact on economic growth, as proxy...

ABSTRACT

This research work examines the role of the forensic accountant in fraud detection in Nigeria with comparative analysis of public and private sectors. Forensic accountant plays a significant role in the Nigeria organizations whereby he investigates with the use of technological equipment in its assignment. The researcher employs primary data (questionnaire and personal interview) to collect data. Hypotheses were tested with the use of z- te...

ABSTRACT

This study had the objective of assessing the role of gender in cooperative development, analyzing the socio-economic profile of the cooperators on the basis of gender, assessing gender contributions to cooperative development in terms of membership, organizational and leadership structures, examining technical efficiency and factors hindering the implementation of gender sensitive program and activities in Awka North Local Government...

ABSTRACT

The study explores the economic implication of increasing external debt liability in Nigeria. Time series data on external debt stock and external debt service was used to capture external debt burden . The objective of this study was to see if there was a long-run and causal relationship between external debt liability and Nigerian economic growth. From 1999 to 2020, time series data on Real Gross Domestic Product, External Debt...

ABSTRACT

The study examined the energy consumption and economic growth in Nigeria, using the time frame 1986-2016 (30years). It was established in the study that before the introduction of appropriate  energy consumption,  energy sector funds were grossly mismanaged, contracts were awarded based on ‘connection’ rather than on merit and high occurrence of corruption in Nigerian power sector. Since power sector has been seen as a...

ABSTRACT

This study examines the external debt burden and the economic growth in Nigeria. Data for the study are collected from the World Bank and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The variables on which data are sourced include gross domestic product, domestic debt, external debt, and real interest rate. Gross domestic product is the dependent variable while external debt, Domestic debt and real interest rate are the major explanatory variables. The sco...

Background to the Study

A budget is a framework for revenue and expenditure outlays over a specified period usually one year (Olurankise 2012). The role of budget in an economy cannot be overemphasized Olomola (2009). It is an essential factor for economy in facilitating and realizing the vision of government in a given fiscal year. Olomola (2009) opined that the budget process has always been coming with unending faults. The most visible bottleneck...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The recent evolution of technology for financial transactions poses interesting questions for policy makers and financial institutions regarding the suitability of current institutional arrangements and availability of instruments to guarantee financial stability, efficiency and effectiveness of monetary policy. Over the course of history, different forms of payment systems have been in existence. Initially, ‘trade by barter’ was...

ABSTRACT

Financial deepening has been found to promote economic growth by its ability to mobilize more investments thereby making financial resources readily available, and hence raises productivity. They are found important as they play intermediation role, by channeling funds from surplus units (savers) to deficit units (investors). The aim of this study investigated the relationship between financial deepening and economic growth from 1994 to 201...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

At present the new name of fear is Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This is not only killing the people around the world but also causes economic downturn which destroy the country in both ends. Coronaviruses are a group of related viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can be mild, such as some cases of the common cold (among other possible causes, predominantly rhino...

ABSTRACT

This study investigates foreign aid and its impact on socio economic development in Nigeria’s fourth republic. The study examines the impact of foreign aid on the socio-economic development of Nigeria. The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individu...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Economies are confronted with one problem or the other, and governments are constantly locked in effort and actions to alleviate them from the economic point of view, there is the gap between the potential Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the actual, which is referred to as the employment gap, or the GDP gap. This gap has to be reduced to the minimum. In order to achieve this, the government or its agencies take various actio...

Background Of The Study

The introduction of the internet has revolutionized the way we interact with people as well as in the process of sharing information and knowledge (Sobowale, Amodu, Aririguzoh, and Ekanem, 2015). According to Oyero (2007), the internet has had a significant impact on society, commerce (businesses), and government.Significantly, the internet through social media has enhanced socio-economic growth and development in both develo...

ABSTRACT

Nigeria given her natural resource base and large market size qualifies to be a world leading economy in production of goods and services, which could be made possible through massive production for both domestic consumption and export. This study investigated impact of government policies on non-oil exports (agriculture) and the growth of the Nigeria economy using the auto regressive distributive lag method (ARDL) for both long-term and sh...

ABSTRACT

The emergence of privatization as a major policy issue is a phenomenon of the second half of the seventies (70’s). By the end of the 1980’s it has spread and become a slogan, “everybody is doing it”  Government intervention in Africa have so far been discredited not because there is an effective alternative in the form of an efficient market mechanism but because of inefficient management, poor results and miss-...

ABSTRACT

In this research work titled “Effect of working capital management on financial performance of manufacturing firms focusing on Nigeria beer sector” the researcher examined the relationship between stock turnover and return on equity. Examined the relationship between current ratio and return on equity. The researcher also ascertained the extent of association between debt collection period and return on equity. The researcher ma...

ABSTRACT

The study examined the effect of public debt on economic growth in Nigeria, using the time frame 2000-2015 (5years). It was established in the study that before the introduction of appropriate  government expenditure, public funds were grossly mismanaged, excessive borrowing, high occurrence of corruption in Nigerian public sector which as lead to surplus debt on the economy. Data gathered in the study was estimated using descriptive s...

ABSTRACT

The foreign exchange management policy of an economy serves as one of the major factor that contributes to the economic development of such nation. To the federal government, FOREX is a very crucial resource for conducting international transaction; therefore, the government felt once earned should be judiciously managed. The extent of the effective management of exchange rate on import and export is what the project really examined. T...

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the twitter ban on Nigeria Economy using selected Corporate organizations in Lagos State  as a case study. The study was aimed at Identifying the sectors/areas affected by twitter ban in Nigeria. The study outlined the negative effect of the ban on those sectors.  The study adopted a survey research design and conveniently enrolled participants in the study. A total of 150&nb...

Background to the study

Citizens, government institutions, privately held corporations such as banks, and the economy as a whole are all affected by a country's debt structure. The total of domestic and international borrowings is referred to as the public debt. Dewett and Navalur (2010) describe public debt as a government's borrowing from inside or outside the nation,...

Background to the study

Businesses, which involve individuals, groups of individuals, companies or corporations in public and private sectors play an important role in the economic development of a given country. In this era of globalization, the demands for goods and services lead to an intense competition especially among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operations in information technology, which supports efficient functioning of enterprises t...

Background of the study

One of the important objectives of macroeconomic policy in has been the rapid economic growth of an economy. Economic growth is defined as “the process whereby the real per capita income of a country over a long period of time.” Economic growth is measured by the increase in the amount of goods and services produced in a country. A growing economy produces more goods and services in each successive time period. Thus growth occurs...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The relationship between government expenditure and economic growth has continued series of debate among scholars. Keynes (1936) argues that the solution to economic depression is to induce the firms to invest through some combination of reduction in interest rates and government capital investment including infrastructure.

This claim that increasing government expenditure promotes economic growth is not supported b...

Background to the Study

Economic experts are of the opinion that sufficient investment is necessary for development and economic growth in a country, and they provide the piece of advise that every economy has to amass a high level of cash for investors to borrow. Because of this, borrowing money from other countries is not an appropriate strategy for growth and development (Ainabor, et.al, 2014). This is due to the fact that borrowing money fr...

1. 1. Background of the study

In many cases, monetary management is an essential component of macroeconomic management. Macroeconomic management is typically the responsibility of a state's Monetary Authority or, alternatively, the Central Bank acting on the state's behalf. Monetary policy is therefore a tool for the monetary management of a country. It involves the use of some combinations of instruments by the Centr...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nigeria is inextricably tied to the global financial system. The global financial crisis began in the United States in 2007, expanded to other major economies throughout the world in 2008, and was then transmitted to less developed nations, including the Nigerian economy, that same year. The global financial crisis further destabilised Nigeria's economy, which was already plagued by issues such as economic insecurity, inconsistency in go...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Credit has remained the backbone of banking operations, hence the majority of banking activities are focused on lending. It is because it provides the majority of the profits. Today, its importance in commercial banking activities stems from the direct impact it has on overall economic growth and corporate development. Every year, the (CBN) central bank of Nigeria, as the monetary body exclusively responsible for the insurance of guiding poli...

BACKGROUND OF THE BODY

Privatization Appeared on standard dictionaries only in the early 1980s [it appeared in Webster new collegiate Dictionary is one of the radical methods through for thinning the government owned enterprises [which failed to maximize greater goods, he did so at high cost and ran government into severe fiscal problems in the 1980s making loans difficult to raise both home and abroad]. Around the other method was to strength...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Families all throughout the world, including those in Nigeria, are increasingly talking about inflation as their primary subject of conversation. The influence of the press as it becomes increasingly pervasive in everyday life across the nation. It has become somewhat of a cliché to assert that one of the most significant economic challenges of our day is the steep and persistent rise in prices; yet, this is one of the...

​​​​​​​BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

A cooperative is defined as "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise" by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA), which issued its Statement on the Cooperative Identity in 1995. This definition can be found in the ICA's document (Abell, 2021). It...

 Background to the Study

Macroeconomic policy consists of the actions aimed at inducing appropriate changes in macroeconomic aggregates such as output, employment and the price level. The major components of macroeconomic policy include fiscal, monetary, debt management, exchange rate and prices and incomes policies. The objectives of macroeconomic policy include economic growth, balance of payments equilibrium, a satisfactory rate of growth and a high level of...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

It is impossible to place too much emphasis on the problem of young unemployment because of statements such as (2009), which stated that "Nigeria as a country is frequently labeled as a rich country majority of impoverished population where 50 percent of the citizen live below the poverty threshold." In Nigeria, unemployment has been a problem, particularly since the 1980s, when the nation's economy took a turn...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Civil instability, terrorist threats, banditry, and persistent abductions of Nigerians, notably the well-publicized kidnapping of school boys and girls by bandit and terrorist organization, highlight the continued difficulties that Nigeria has in maintaining national security and advancing national development (Ibrahim, & Ahmad, 2020).

One of the most fundamental issues that contemporary nations must face is fig...

Background of the study

The capacity of a nation to make productive and efficient use of the resources it possesses is a critical factor in determining the level of economic growth that may be achieved by that nation's economy. As observed by Achy & Sekkat (2016),  the availability of various modes of transportation is one of the key factors that makes it possible for the appropriate usage of economic resources in a political system. Th...

​​​​​​​BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

There has lately been a surge in worldwide interest (including in Nigeria) in working toward gender equality. This is due to the implications that achieving this goal would have for economic growth and development, as well as the need of ensuring that any progress made is inclusive. The issue of gender inequality is considered to be of such grave concern that it is included into the founding documents and legal framewo...

​​​​​​​BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The availability of sufficient financing is one of the most important factors that determines economic growth. This financing is needed by a variety of organizations, people, and economic actors so that various goals may be fulfilled. The provision of financial services, on the other hand, is crucial to the encouragement of investment and the building of various types of infrastructure facilities. Therefore, it is impe...

Background of the Study

Crime is a public wrong. It is an act of offense which violates the law of the state and is strongly disapproved by the society. Crime is defined as acts or omissions forbidden by law that can be punished by imprisonment or fine. Murder, robbery, burglary, rape, drunken driving, child neglect and failure to pay taxes are examples of crimes. The term crime is derived from the Latin word “crimen” meaning offence and also a wrong-doe...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Despite successive governments' efforts to alleviate poverty, Nigeria's condition is rather concerning, as the tale of poverty reduction appears to be bleak throughout the years (Abbas, 2017). It is not surprising, however, that impoverished people in Nigeria are exposed to all manner of brutal treatment and exploitation by agents of both state and commercial agencies from whom they seek aid. Unfortunately, because impoverished peopl...

Background to the study

Expenditure control, often known as cost control, is an essential component of every organization's management control process. This procedure is critical for every organization, whether for profit or not for profit. Thus, a lack of this practice in any organization will result in the misapplication of funds in the cash disbursement process, which would generate a huge problem, leading to a deficit and, in the worst-case...

Background to the study

The effect of health on worker‘s productivity suggests a relationship between health and aggregate output. Healthy workers lose less time from work due to ill- health and are more productive when working. Health gains had the economic consequences of widespread economic growth and an escape of ill-health traps in poverty (World Health Organization, 1999). There has been a growing interest to extend the relationship betw...

Background to the Study

Trading is an essential component of all multinational businesses, whether they operate in a single country or on a worldwide scale. Goods are manufactured in one nation, distributed in another, and transported across borders to enter the target market's distribution chain (s). Most countries regulate the movement of products across their borders, whether they are leaving (exports) or entering (imports) (imports). Tariffs...

Introduction

Nigeria's most worrisome macroeconomic issue is its inflation rate. Due of its accelerating speed, the Nigerian government is concerned about its impact on the country's economic growth. All of the authors agree that inflation has an effect on Nigeria's economic progress, despite the fact that a great deal has been written about it.

According to Samuelson (2017), inflation consists of "usually rising expenses...

Background of the study

Monetary policy interventions such as an increase in money supply indirectly affect aggregate demand and subsequently output and prices through their impact on investment spending. This indirect effect reveals that a change in money supply may have a more direct effect on investment. Furthermore, such monetary policy intervention leads to changes in bank deposits which ultimately alter the pool of loanable funds for investmen...

Background of the study

Nigeria is endowed with oil and gas in addition to other mineral resources, but Nigeria is dependent on the revenue from oil to achieve its microeconomic goals. These microeconomic goals include the provision of employment opportunities, economic growth, economic stability, price stability, the provision of infrastructural facilities, and the optimal allocation of resources as well as the fair distribution of wealth and incom...

Background Of The Study

The history of Nigeria's economic growth has been somewhat turbulent. According to the research that has been done, the economy initially functioned as a single-crop economy, with agriculture serving as the primary contributor. After the discovery of oil in sufficient quantities for commercial use in 1956, sector was reduced to a secondary position, despite its agricultural illustrious status (Abdulraheem, 2011). Despite...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Quality of education in Nigeria has been a major cause of concern for the people. Most government schools are massively underfunded, which has created an inconducive learning environment, which consists of, poor educational infrastructure, lack of learning materials, and underqualified teachers. Beyond this, a massive number of children in the country do not have access to an education. As indicated by t...

Background to the Study

Nigeria is still a clear example of a third-world economy in which the expanding economy has some functioning machinery, monetary and fiscal policies that attempt to maintain a balance throughout the whole economy so that growth and development, the ultimate objective of any economy, may be fulfilled.

In general, monetary policy refers to a set of measures intended to manage the value supply and cost of money in an economy in accord...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The association between macroeconomic factors and organiza ional performance has piqued the interest of researchers studying this phenomenon. Key macroeconomic variables such as the currency rate, interest rate, inflation, and gross domestic product are usually assumed to have an impact on an organization's performance. These are external factors that influence how things work on a daily basis.

Macroeconomic fac...

Abstract

Almost every nook and cranny in Nigeria is littered with sachet water nylon, popularly called “pure water”, As noted by Edoga et al. (2008), about 70

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine tenancy laws, multiple taxation and residential house rents in Ikeja  Local Government, Lagos State. Specifically, the study examined the effect of tenancy law on residential house rent in Lagos State. The study also, examine the effect of multiple taxation on residential house rent in Lagos State. And lastly, To identify other factors that determines residential house rent in Lagos State. The study employed the su...

ABSTRACT

This project work is on the causes and effects of unemployment in Nigerian economy. A case study of Egor Local Government Area of Edo state. The need for this study comes up because of the alarming number of the unemployed people in the country. Concerning methodology, the researcher used the unemployed people questionnaire which was administered to the respondents and were completed on the spot and collected by the researcher and transformed into frequ...