1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The general market and the majority of financial markets have changed greatly. In this sense, trading systems have evolved and adapted to market demands, with the goal of making business transactions as simple as possible through the development of digital currencies (Grinberg and Ruben 2012). In light of this, there has been fast growth and the emergence of several digital currencies.

A digital currency is a digital representat...

1. 1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Budget and Budgeting are concepts traceable to the Bible days, precisely the days of Joseph in Egypt. It was reported that nothing was given out of the treasure without a written order. History has it that Joseph budgeted and stored grains which lasted the Egyptians throughout the seven years of famine. Budgets were first introduced in the 1920s as a tool to manage costs and cash f...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The globe was rocked by a pandemic of severe respiratory sickness known as Covid-19. The viral infection is quickly spreading over the world. Droplet transmission, contact with an infected case, and contact with contaminated fomites are all ways for the virus to spread. After a cluster of pneumonia outbreaks was reported in late December 2019 from Wuhan, China, the illness was first identified (Abney, 2021). Using next-genera...

Background of the study

Leadership is one concept that has emerged in productive connections between companies and society at large. Leadership is described as the process by which an individual inspires a group of people to work toward a shared goal or the key to trust that stems from the regard of others (Northouse, 2004). It is typically associated with the use of a leading strategy to give inspiring motivation and optimize the possibilities for...

​​​​​​Without a doubt, the global financial system is embracing the current technological transformation from physical currency to practically virtual currencies. In recent years, rapid technological innovation and new business models have led in a slew of novel retail payment methods. These developments point to substantial changes in the retail payment environment, including a decrease in cash usage. As a result of this tidal wave, digital money innovation arose.

According to Gilb...

Changing technology, economic advancement, and the desire to effectively fulfill the functions of money have all spurred monetary changes throughout history. These developments point to substantial changes in the retail payment environment, including a drop in cash usage. Digital money was born as a result of this tsunami.

Digital currencies, according to Gilbert, Scott, and Loi, Hio. (2018), have qualities comparable to traditional currencies but, unlike currencies with printed ban...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nigeria has a vast amount of surface and subterranean water resources, which necessitates a well-defined administrative system capable of properly managing the resources. Nigeria's current water supply situation is woefully insufficient (Uwais, 2004). Through the Federal Ministry of Water Resources, the Petroleum Trust Fund (PTF), River Basin Authorities, DFRRI, National Water Supply Rehabilitation Project, National...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nigeria has been a battleground for quite some time. Aside from the ongoing conflict between farmers and herders, other major security issues include Biafra insurgents, radical Islamists in the North-East, kidnappings in various areas of the nation, the Niger Delta crisis, and so on. There are significant obstacles (Abdullahi, 2019). However, the Boko Haram Party is still Nigeria's most serious security threat. The o...

Background of the study

Transparency and accountability are essential for the effective operation of a contemporary democracy and the promotion of societal well-being. Many powers are allocated to governmental bodies in most countries. The delegators, that is, society at large, must then be assured that this transfer of authority is not only successful, but also not misused. Transparency guarantees that information is available to be utilized to ass...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The government's planning and efforts are centered on development. However, growth cannot thrive, particularly in diverse nations, if there is neither peace or national cohesion. The necessity for unification and control of all centrifugal elements in Nigeria immediately following the civil war resulted in the founding of the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) by Decree No. 24 on May 22, 1973. After the thirty-first mont...

Background of the study

Transparency and accountability are critical for the efficient functioning of a modern democracy and for fostering social well-being. In most societies, many powers are delegated to public authorities. Some assurance must then be provided to the delegators, that is, society at large, that this transfer of power is not only effective, but also not abused. Transparency ensures that information is a...

Background of the study

Changing technology, economic advancement, and the desire to effectively fulfill the functions of money have all spurred monetary changes throughout history. These developments point to substantial changes in the retail payment environment, including a drop in cash usage. Digital money was born as a result of this tsunami.

Digital currencies, according to Gilbert, Scott, and Loi, Hio. (2018), have qualities comparab...

Background of the study

Without a doubt, the global financial system is embracing the current technological transformation from physical currency to practically virtual currencies. In recent years, rapid technological innovation and new business models have led in a slew of novel retail payment methods. These developments point to substantial changes in the retail payment environment, including a decrease in cash usage. As a result of this tidal wav...

Background Of The Study

According to the Financial Action Task Force (FATF 2014), digital currency is a digital representation of value that is digitally transmitted while functioning as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value, and it works exclusively by agreement among virtual currency users. Similarly, The European Banking Authority (2015) defined virtual currency as "a digital representation of value that is not issued by...

Background Of The Study

There have not been any broadly agreed definition of digital currency. This is owing to the fact that the digital currency system is a novel transaction system that has never been used before, and it is impossible to compare to traditional money. The term "digital currency" and "virtual currency," on the other hand, are commonly used interchangeably. According to the Financial Action Task Force (FATF 2014)...

Background Of The Study

Food scarcity, with its dangers for survival and serious physical and psychological discomfort, has been part of human experience and human culture from the earliest inception of language and thought. The need to overcome the challenges associated with insufficiency of food production and consumption in Nigeria has been a recurring issue manifesting since independence in 1960. The projection of Federal Ministry of National Pl...

Background Of The Study

Considering the rapid technological advancement and financial market evolution, a lot of innovative transactional products have emerged in recent years. According to McKarles (2019), the global financial system has clearly embraced the contemporary transition from physical currency to nearly digital currencies via the medium of technology. Despite the existence of commercial banks, the need for the introduction of digital cur...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Nigerian political history dated back to the pre-colonial era. The various  ethnic groups had one form or system of political and judicial set up that were distinct and peculiar to each ethnic group.

In the Northern part of Nigeria there was well established monarchical form of government, and its judicial system was based on the sharia which was strongly influenced by Islam. The Yoruba of the south west of...

Background to the Study

Career development and employee retention are key strategic considerations for all organization regardless of size, sector, market or profile. The development of the capacity and capability of the organiza...

Background of the Study

The local government system is a system of government established as a third tier of government after the federal and state governments.

The local government is a government at the grassroots level of administration meant for meeting peculiar g...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Fulani unarguably represent a significant part of the economy of Nigeria. They are the major breeders of goats, sheep and cattle as those animals are the major source of meat and affordable source of animal proteins ate by Nigerians. The Fula origin also known as Fulani are a mass inhabitants widely dispersed in all of Africa, but most predominant in West Africa. The Fulani people are descendants from Middle East and...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The term ‘ethnicity’ has its roots in the Greek term ethnos/ethnikos, which was commonly used to describe pagans, that is non-Hellenic and, later, non-Jewish (Gentile) or non-Christian, second-class peoples, its academic and popular use is fairly modern. Sociologically speaking, the term was coined by D. Riesman in 1953 and it gained wider use only during the 1960s and 1970s (Glazer and Moynihan, 1975). Socia...

Background of the study

 Since time immemorial, local government autonomy has been a discussing issue among academic scholars cum researchers. Local government in Nigeria is a product of decentralization and is established by law. As a federal state, Nigeria has three tiers of government (federal, state and local) whose intergovernmental relations (which include political, financial, judicial and administrative) are mainly established by the constitution. Each...

The term public administration consist of two words ·"public and administration" the word public is an adjective qualifying "administration" According to Nnoli, (2000:45), Public administration is the machinery as well as the integral process through which the government performs its functions. it is a network of human relationships and associated activities extending from the government to the lower paid and powerless individual charged with keeping daily touch wit...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The Nigerian National Petroleum corporation and the petroleum ministry appear desperate to maintain their hold on the downstream sector of the oil industry by planning new refineries and voting more money to maintain the existing refineries such as Enugu, Kaduna, Warri and Port-court. The moves have undoubtedly raised doubts about the federal government’s privatization policy and its avowed commitment to the libera...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Nigerian political history dated back to the pre-colonial era. The various  ethnic groups had one form or system of political and judicial set up that were distinct and peculiar to each ethnic group (Agwu, 2019).

In the Northern part of Nigeria there was well established monarchical form of government, and its judicial system was based on the sharia which was strongly influenced by Islam (Ajah, 20...

INTRODUCTION

Over the years, successive Non-Governmental Organization Agencies in Nigeria have demonstrated appreciable interest towards the provision of amenities to both the rural and urban population of the country (Man, 2017). The interest shown by this non-governmental organizational agency could be derived from their genuine intention of uplifting the living standard of the people. There is therefore no gain saying the fact that there have been some notic...

ABSTRACT:- The purpose of the study was to appraise the impact of staff development in effective management of federal government parastals reference to NEPA, Enugu District. To guides this study, for research questions were formulated. A review of literature was done to expose the researcher to what has already been done to ensure solid conclusion for the study. A structural questionnaire was Development and administered by the researcher to 100 (45 senior staff and 55...

ABSTRACT:- Every organization whether public or private, at every instance desires to satisfy the needs of its clients, this will only be possible with an enlightened and well trained staff therefore, the role played by staff training cannot be over-emphasized as many have come to recognize that training offers a way of developing skill, enhancing productivity, guaranteeing quality of work and build worker’s loyalty to the firm. The work was guided by the following rese...

ABSTRACT:- This work titled, “Implication of Local Government Autonomy on Rural Development in Ebonyi State” A study of Ebonyi Local Government Area” was aimed at ascertaining the extent to which state interference in the management of local government revenue constituted the bane to rural development in Ebonyi State, examining the extent to which poor financial management practice in the local government hinders rural development in Ebonyi Lo...

ABSTRACT:- The aim of this study was to examine the role of IT in service delivery at the Tertiary hospitals in Rivers State. To this end a review of the concept of ICT and the role it plays in service delivery in Government ministries is carried out. Two research questions and four researches, hypothesis stated in both the null and collected with the aid of a questionnaire and analyzed with the simple percentage and mean analysis method. At the end it was discovered tha...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The recent advances in information communication technology (ICT) especially on the aspect of foreign policy making are becoming central to other processes, such as socio-economic and political development of nation states and how nations relate to each other. ICT offers new ways of exchanging information and transacting business and new style of interaction between countries, change the nature of financial and other service...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In 2002, an international observation proclaimed the Niger Delta as one of the most volatile regions of the world. This observation came on the heels of incessant crisis which the region have been witnessing for decades but which took alarming dimension in loosing years of the 1990’s and the opening years of the new millennium. The region from one decade to another has witnessed unprecedented crisis which revolve round political and mos...

EXCERPT OF THE STUDY

This study was undertaken to examine Nigerian Foreign policy under Muhammadu Buhari Administration. The study opened with chapter one where the statement of the problem was clearly defined. The study objectives and research questions were defined and formulated respectively. The study reviewed related and relevant literatures. The chapter two gave the conceptual framework, empirical and theoretical studies. The third chapter described the method...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Intergovernmental Relations is described as a network of institutions at the national, regional, and local levels that interact to allow the various branches of government to function together in a way that is more or less acceptable to our institutional arrangements. It is a developing framework of institutional cooperation that aims to resolve the Constitution's definitions of equality and interdependence.

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

In this study, our focus was on an evaluation of the Revenue collection strategies in the reformed local government using UDI LGA of Enugu State as a case study. The study specifically was aimed at highlighting  the existing resources of local government revenue in the state, identify the role of revenue officer towards increased revenue generation, and  How employees can be motivated to put in their best in revenue generation.  A tota...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Shanta (2004) conducted a study on the “Impact of Globalization on World Society”. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of globalization on world society. The research indicated that in the past century there has been worldwide surge in economic growth and more people lifted out of poverty than in all human history. The study indicated that world poverty has fallen within past 30 years. Since 1970&rsquo...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

The legislature is a genuine instrument charged with the responsibility of exposing, preventing and enacting laws to address the problem of corruption in a society. The power of the legislature to investigate and expose corruption in Nigeria has its basis and legitimacy in the constitution and is a mechanism that works to monitor and maintain a watch on the actions of other branches of government. "It is expected that after a proper investigation of which...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

An overview of the principle of democracy reveals the pursuit of public interest as a cardinal feature of democracy and this underscore the general understanding and its conception as ‘the government of the people by the people and for the people.’ The underlining expression in the principle of election during any democratic process is the art of entrusting into the hands of the elected political leaders, the citizen’s rights and freedom, whi...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Apart from realizing that they are valued citizens of their countries, when youths engage in more sustained positive relationships with adults and fellow youths, such collaborations and participation may lead to skill development, enhancement, empowerment, and confidence-building, which will help prepare them for active participation in nation-building. However, the current state of affairs in Nigeria has severely hampered the effective harnes...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Mass media has a great impact in modeling of public opinion by the wide range of methods to change people’s view about a particular issue. This is why Winston Churchill remarked that "no such thing as public opinion but published opinion". Public opinion can be defined can be expressed in many ways such as writing letters to public officials, holding meetings, engaging in public demonstrations, editorial comments, election resu...

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The system of local government administration practiced anywhere in the world, is dependent largely on the historical, geographical, sociological, political and economic life of the people. This is no less true of Nigeria with a long history of slavery and colonization as well as civilian and military administrations and these have to a large extent determined the system of local government administration in Nigeria up till today...

Background Of The Study

In every society, there must exist some problems. These problems could be in the areas of politics, commerce, education, agriculture, communication, housing, transportation, health etc. In order to solve these problems as they might exist at given points in time, government is always seen formulating policies in response to them and in relation to the objectives of growth, national development and well being of the citizens....

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

The problem here is that nothing in the nature of man or in the nature of the world suggests the minimal resources needs that must be satisfied if a person is to be non-poor. This is because for many writers, the characteristics of poverty that concern them, includes powerlessness which refers to those people who lack the opportunities and choices unlike in the case of the poor, whose lives seem to be governed by forces and persons outside the...

EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY

Experience has shown that the provision and maintenance of amenities cannot be handled by government alone because it will be too onerous for government to satisfy the needs of all communities, bearing in mind the limitation of time and resource. It is therefore, necessary for the agencies of government to educate the people to appreciate the fact that the transformation of their country for enhancement of their standard of living should be a...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The compensation of employees at all level has become one of the major functions of human resource management. It is one of the most important, complex and problematic issues in managing human resources in any organization. Every business enterprise that wants to gain competitive advantage over its competitors must attract the services of high quality employees. According to Faraland (2001) ‘Man is a rational animal cov...

ABSTRACT

The research  provides a theoretical and conceptual assessment  of public relations strategy as a tool to promote government policies to the citizenry; it appraises as a case study the  practice of the Anambra State Government. The research elucidate the concept of public relations, its functions, significance and strategies as it can be applied to implement and accelerate government policies to the benefit of the citizenry.<...

ABSTRACT

Every local government in Nigeria desires quality service delivery as it is pertinent to the sustainability of grassroots development. The fundamental factor in achieving quality services, are adequate and reliable of the revenue sources as well as quality human resources that will serve as instrument for formulation and implementation of local government financial resources. This study assessed revenue generation and service delivery in Ni...

ABSTRACT

This research work, “Critical analysis of the performance of the National Economics Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) on the Nigeria Economy, (A Case Study of Enugu State)” seeks to look at the major causes of Nigerians Economic Misfortunes and his is greatly attributable to the poor industrial capacity utilization, massive unemployment and underemployment, high late of inflation, high poverty rate, poor wealth distri...

ABSTRACT

This focus of this study is to assess twitter ban on Nigeria’s image in the international community using Abuja as case Study, Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted for the study and with the aid of convenient sampling method, the researcher selected Eighty (80) participant who twitter users in Federal capital territory Abuja as the respondent of the study. Well structured questionnaire was issued to the 80 respondent of which t...

ABSTRACT

This research project is on Bureaucracy and efficiency (A case study of Enugu State civil service). It is been carried out to assess the level of efficiency in the bureaucracy and the functions of the bureaucracy. It is hoped that the study will help to educate civil servants on their expected roles and factors that can make them to be more efficient in the delivery of social service to the citizenry. The work contains five cha...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on bureaucracy and efficiency in Nigerian public enterprise using Power Holding Company of Nigeria Onitsha Branch as case study. To achieve this, four significant research objectives were formulated.  The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of all the staff of Power Holding Company of Nigeria Onitsha Branch.&nb...

ABSTRACT

Despite the dimension that corruption has taken in history of country Nigeria corruption is seen as an increasing cankerworm or an epidemic in Nigeria state as a whole corruption has become a household word in the Nigeria society. It pervades all strata of the society from the higher levels of the political and business elites to the ordinary person in the village. This study is an investigation on the factors responsible for Bureaucra...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on the assessment of the implication of Fulani herdsmen banditry activities on community settlement using selected local government in Ogun state as case study. To achieve this 3 research objectives were formulated.  The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of all the residents of Ijeb-Ode North  LGA of Ogun State. In determining the...

ABSTRACT

The primary purpose of this study is to ascertain the compact of bureaucracy towards achieving organizational objective.

The survey method of descriptive research was used for the study. The main instrument used in data collection for the study was a questionnaire the responses were tallied in frequency tables and percentage was used to analyze the data.

 The result of the analysis and interpretation revealed that b...

ABSTRACT

Service Compact (SERVICOM) is probably seen to have played considerable roles in public service delivery system, to which certain issues and problems as identified might have acted as impediment to the workings of most federal teaching hospitals. The effect of SERVICOM in key service delivery areas may have in recent time become a source of concern as substantial attention has not been paid to its centrality. By drawing a contour of success...

ABSTRACT

In this study, our focus was to carryout a critical analysis to assess the effectiveness of performance appraisal exercise in the public service with a particular reference to Oyo State civil Service commission. The study specifically was aimed at ascertaining the effectiveness of performance appraisal exercise in the public service. The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A to...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine the autonomy of local government in Nigeria: issues and way forward using three local government areas in Delta State as a case study. Specifically, the study was aimed at examining if the autonomy of local government in Nigeria is achievable; study the effort of the Federal government of Nigeria in making local government autonomous; and analyze if the local government has and will have...

ABSTRACT

Investigating resource generation and management in the ministry of local government, Kogi State; the study generated five research questions, two null and an alternative hypotheses. The hypotheses were tested using chi- square statistical method. After testing the hypotheses, it was discovered that effective resource generation and utilization has a significant&nb...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine an empirical study on the effect of unemployment on Nigeria crime rate among unemployed male and female in Oredo East local government, Edo State.  Specifically the study aims at highlighting, crime rates in Nigeria, investigate the reasons for increase in unemployment in Nigeria,  determine if creating job opportunities can be used as a tool to minimize crime rate. A total...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on the factors responsible for low productivity in the civil service using Enugu State civil service commission as case study. To achieve this 3 research questions and hypothesis were formulated.  The survey design was adopted and the Taro Yamane formula was employed in this study. The population size comprise of the 100 Staff of staff of Enugu State civil service commission. Through the use of Taro Yamane form...

ABSTRACT

The EndSars protest  left memories not just on the Nigerian people but on  her economy leading to loss of lives and properties.

The study focused on an Assessing post ENDSARS protest effect on lives and properties in Nigeria using Lekki in Lagos as case study. Survey research design and convenience sampling method was adopted for the study. 200 respondent who are residents of Lekki in Lagos state were purporsively select...

ABSTRACT

The focus of this study is to examine employees’ perception on motivation mechanism in Nigeria Public service using police stations in Enugu State as case study. In course of this study, three(3) objectives were created. The study adopted the  survey research design and conveniently enrolled 95 participants in the study. Well structured questionnaire was issued to the participant which provided answers to...

ABSTRACT

This research assessed the effect of reward management system on employee productivity in the public sector with special reference to a state-owned tertiary institution - Lagos State University. The research examined the role of reward management in enhancing the productivity of employees in the University. This is not to unconnected with the general belief that a just and efficient reward management system enhances workers’ morale an...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on the role of trade union towards solving employee's problems in Nigeria using Nigeria Breweries Lagos as case study. To achieve this, five significant research objectives were formulated. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of employees of Nigeria Breweries Lagos State. In determining the sample...

Background of the study

Economic development of any economy is dependent on the ability of the country to make effective and efficient use of available resources they have. One of the fundamental factor that facilitate the proper utilization of economic resources in the polity is the means of transportation. Transportation is the movement of people, goods and commodities from one location to another. This is done through variety of means or ways eit...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Workers plight in the country today has left many well meaning Nigeria with many question some of these questions are how to satisfy our workers in their various establishments.
More so how secured are jobs in the hands of employee in the public and private sector. Is there anything like job security these day? Experience and observations have been witnessed mass retrenchment in all the sector of economy.
Employees...

ABSTRACT

Strategic management planning has been found to be necessary if organizations are to succeed and perform. This study set out to investigate strategic management in Small and Medium Scale Enterprises and its implication for performance. This study employed case study research design making use of questionnaires to collect quantitative data. Hundred research participants were selected using simple random sampling by lottery method from ten purposively selecte...

ABSTRACT

Prior to the introduction of information communication technology in Nigerian government ministries, departments and agencies, it has been seriously criticized for lack of efficiency and effectiveness; it is often seen as epitome of maladministration. This is what has prompted the introduction of information- and communication technology in public service organizations especially in making them efficient and effective in th...

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this study was to look at international business management and assess the effect of Multinational Corporation operating in Nigeria, in terms of their contribution to the economic growth and technological development of the nation. The study was carried out in some selected multinational corporation and it covered staff (respondent), 120 in number with at least secondary education. Data were collected mainly through st...

ABSTRACT

This research work examines the effect of performance management on service quality at the Olorunda Local Council Development Area. It explores related literatures which help to give more insights and well rounded knowledge of the concept of performance management. The establishment of an efficient performance management has a very significant effect on employee’s attitude to work. Thus, the productivity and growth of the organization...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out on the effect of poor condition of service on staff performance using Bassa Local Government Of Kogi State As Case Study. To achieve this 5 research questions were formulated. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of the staff of Bassa Local Government Of Kogi State. In determining the sample size, the researcher randomly s...

ABSTRACT

It is pertinent to emphasize that a worker's reaction at work helps to determine the output level of the organization. This is why the author spent time to study the extent of organizational productivity vis-à-vis the satisfaction derived by worker satisfied his effort will increase and the organizational output will equally rise a dissatisfied is likely to fall short of standard. Therefore the researchers concentrated...

Background of the study

Without a doubt, a country's growth is mainly determined by its youthful population's productivity and creativity. As a result, youths' contributions to national development cannot be overlooked in national development discussions. This category is made up of the workers who are needed to produce products and services. When their basic needs are fulfilled, youths can contribute to the country's peace and stabi...

Background to the study

Tax, the whole world over is a major source of revenue to the government. The major reason why government imposes tax is for the generation of revenue in support of government programmes and to enable it continues to perform the legitimate functions of the state. Tax is also used by government as a tool for income redistribution and economic regulation which also affect the customer standard of living both positively and nega...

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The term conflict specifically means breakdown of relationship between parties and this was corroborated by oxford English dictionary definition in which conflict was defined as a serious disagreement, on argument, a struggle, a fight. The history of mankind cannot be devoid of conflict from the primordial age to the era of communal capitalism, feudalism up to the present.

A lot of attempts were recorded in capturin...

Background to the study

Open defecation continues to be a critical health challenge globally, affecting almost 1 billion people worldwide and contributing significantly to an estimated 842,000 people who die yearly from sanitation-related diseases. Open defecation is a major environmental health problem facing many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Although open defecation rates have been reducing gradually since 2000, the Millennium Development Goal...

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine the impact of unemployment on youth restiveness in Nigeria. Specifically, the study was aimed at examining the causes of unemployment among youths in Nigeria, examine the causes of youths restiveness in Nigeria, examine the effects of youths restiveness in Nigeria, examine the relationship between unemployment and youths’ restiveness in Nigeria, and examine the relationship between corrupt po...

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Public/Civil Servants, in contemporary public organizations in Nigeria, exhibit discipline at a minimal level coupled with some elements of indiscipline. In this condition, for example, staff may report for duty, in time and sometimes late. On arrival, they may perform their duties without seriousness. After spending few hours on duty some of them take permission to go out of the workplace while others just sneak or vanish....

Background of the study

The relationship between democracy and national development is widely appreciated. This is because democracy plays a very important and crucial role in promoting good governance and fostering national development. The common feature of democratic governance is its emphasis on improving the socio-economic welfare of the people and this is synonymous with the idea of national development. Thus, the individual and his quality of...

BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR THE STUDY

An organization makes use of a wide variety of resources, including monetary, natural, and human resources. Human resources continue to be the most crucial aspect of every business, and this is due to the fact that without them, it would be difficult to achieve the firm's goals, whether those goals are to complete the mission or to realize a particular vision (Mathias et al, 2021).

The human resource d...

Background to the Study

Every government has as one of its main goals enhancing the wellbeing of its people. The fundamental principle of welfareism embraces all coordinated efforts made to ameliorate and raise the standard of life of the populace, hence fostering economic progress. Nigeria is a nation with an abundance of natural, human, and material resources. Given political leadership, sound administration, exceptional leadership, and the growth of human talent...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Any company's ability to remain profitable and in business is directly proportional to the calibre of its workforce as well as the degree to which those workers are able to conform their behaviours and values to those of the corporation (Anazodo, Okoye, & Chukwemeka, 2022). One of the most significant challenges that the Nigerian public service must confront is figuring out how to successfully manage the country's...

Background Of The Study

In any culture, there is certain to be at least one significant issue. These issues might be related to politics, business, education, agriculture, communication, housing, transportation, health, or any of a number of other topics. It is constantly apparent that the government is establishing policies in response to these difficulties and in relation to the aims of growth, national development, and the well-being of the popul...

Background Of The Study

Citizens in the majority of the world's nations have the goal that their country will one day have strong leaders and effective administration. This is due to the fact that the goal of maximizing the use of limited resources to advance human and national development is directly tied to the caliber of leadership and the results produced by such leadership (Madison, 2022). It seems from the history of the growth of great co...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Without a shadow of a doubt, the Fulani are an important cog in the economic machine that is Nigeria. They are the most important breeders of goats, sheep, and cattle, which are the most important sources of meat and an economical source of animal proteins consumed by Nigerians. Goats, sheep, and cattle account for the majority of Nigerians' diets (Abubakar, 2022). The Fula origin, sometimes known as the Fulani, are a mas...

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Following the introduction of Western education in Nigeria through missionary societies, elementary schools were maintained locally by volunteer organisations with grant-in-aids from the colonial government. Meanwhile, prerequisites for receiving funding in and were met, including acceptable organisation, average daily attendance at the school, competent and efficient instructors, adequacy of building and equipment, and decent c...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Right from the start of its existence, the nation that is now known as Nigeria was established by British colonialists, who were tasked with the responsibility of bringing together a diverse group of ethnic nations in 1914 to form a single nation state. The primary ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, the Igbo, and the Yoruba. Minority groups in Nigeria include the Efik, the Igala, the Tiv, the Jukun, the Urhobo, the Ijaw, the Ibibio, and...

Background of the Study

The application of budgeting principles to the administration of public organisations or institutions is the focus of this study. Taking into account the fact that every business, whether public or private, must deal with the procurement and utilisation of resources (both human and material), which must be used in a manner that is both effective and efficient in order to achieve maximum output, planning and control are responsibilities that m...

​​​​​​​BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The desire of the rural population to participate directly in the affairs of their communities is driving the rising demand for local government in every corner of the world. Local government is, in reality, as ancient as mankind, as it is the only form of human administration that has existed throughout history. The notion of human society is cloaked in the requirement of community development through a recognized local administr...

​​​​​​​Background of the study

The assertion that Nigeria is one of the most successful maritime nations in the world is supported by the fact that this view is shared by both domestic maritime operators and those based in other countries. Ports are intended to be secure areas, and they should be policed as such, in order to prevent crimes such as thievery, smuggling, sabotage attacks, and stowaways (Badejo,2020). In days gone by, theft was confined to acts of minor...

Background Of The Study

People have enjoyed and shared the good tidings of nature from the beginning of human history due to the existence of communities and the social activities undertaken by the people for the improvement of their community, which is better known as Community Development (CD). In 1948, during the Cambridge Conference on African Administration, the development of community development was first introduced to the community as a mov...

Background to the Study

Insecurity and unemployment remains one of the most critical problems the country is facing, of course coming after insecurity. Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa and the second largest economy on the continent with a population of over 150 million, is endowed with diverse and abundant human, material and capital resources. Sadly, however, years of unbridled corruption, mis - management and sheer waste have hindered economic growth...

​​​​​​​BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

There is empirical data to imply that poverty and unemployment are a major worry for policymakers in many developing nations. This is crucial in light of the World Bank's prediction that Sub-Saharan Africa's (SSA) economic growth rate will barely outpace population increase during the 1990s. In comparison to Asia and Latin America, her economic growth rate has not improved in recent years (World Bank 2017).

Background  of the study

Since the implementation of the 1976 local government reform, the concept of local government administration in Nigeria has gained considerable interest both domestically and globally. The local government level, according to Agagu, is the one where the people in rural regions should have the biggest effect on the decisions made by their elected officials. Because it is the tier of government that is most in touch with...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Police brutality has occurred all across the globe and continues to be a serious worry for society and police agencies. This cruelty includes attacks, deaths resulting from the use of force, harassment, etc. According to Amnesty International (2019), it comes in two forms: physical brutality, such as attacks, and non-physical brutality, such as the use of abusive words. In practically every country on the African continent, i...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The police are state personnel who are in charge of 'law enforcement and order maintenance' in society. To carry out these dual tasks, the police have the authority to use force, even violence. The use of force or violence by police is governed by national constitutions and statutes, international conventions and rules, police departmental instructions, and professional ethics. Despite these laws, the police in most n...

Background to the study

The the destiny of any civilization  is dependent on the type and kind of education imparted to the younger generation. Education is vital to human growth and development, making it a necessary instrument for every country's social and economic prosperity. According to Oshokoya (2015), no country can prosper without first making education its ally; hence, each nation's potential to grow and develop is depend...

Background to the Study

Several groups have urged the government to revamp the country's tax system. Nigeria has a monolithic economy with a high reliance on the oil sector; this reliance renders the economy vulnerable to external manipulation and has a negative impact on the country's planning horizons. The recent global crisis has highlighted the need to recognize that overdependence on oil produces unneeded shocks, highlighting the necess...

1. 1. Background of the study

Livelihoods are an important source of income for  people, their talents, and their arrangements all contribute to a living. Food, money, and possessions are all part of one's means of subsistence. All resources (capabilities) to meet fundamental requirements, such as food, housing, clothes, cultural values, and social interactions, are included in livelihoods (Zako...

1. 1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Conflict can be defined as the state of tension that arises when individuals and groups operating within the same organisation or social setting pursue disparate interests, goals, and aspirations. This can lead to a variety of negative outcomes. The real power structure as well as the power structure that is in opposition to it are both potential sources of conflict. Conflict is...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Since the revolutionary rise of ICT or digitalization in the modern world, particularly in Africa, the usage of social media as communication channels has shown itself in political, economic, social, and business facets of human interactions and engagements. Due to the availability of self-expression and communication tools, such as Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, and Instagram, social media have exploded in popularity among ind...

Background of the study

Terrorism and insurgency have become household terms across the globe, since no nation is immune to their consequences. This is why, according to Rubenstein (2017), war, terrorism, and other forms of international political violence are today more deadly than they have ever been in many ways, since civilian fatalities have increased. It is, however, difficult to give the term "terrorism" a specific connotation. The...

Background of the problem

Every community on the face of the planet has its own particular set of challenges and dangers. There is no exception for Nigeria in this regard. As a developing world, she deals with the issues of her own country on the national, political, economic, and cultural fronts. These challenges have had a significant impact on the welfare of people. This includes the high rate of unemployment as well as the rising tide of violent...

​​​​​​Background of Study

 Traditional institution‖ and their role in conflict resolution has been the major phenomena in recent years and most especially after United Nations General Assembly adapted resolution A/RES/61/295 on Thursday, 13th September 2007 in New York (http://www.un.org).  Traditional institutions refer to all those people-based and local approaches that communities innovate and utilize in resolving localiz...

ABSTRACT

The major sources of the total foreign exchange accruing to out country comes form oil Beanies which everyone is undoubtedly aware has declined considerably. Consequently there has been a fall in the federation account. It then means that a state such as Enugu state with its major recurrent revenue emanating from its share of federation account will invariably intensity its efforts at internal revenue generation. Except other non-oil revenue sources are...